Flora of New York

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Flora noveboracensis

from clubmoss to cornsalad

Table of contents Contributors Preface Introduction Genus index Protected species index Invasive species index Excluded species General references Legends Glossary

Flora of New York is a guide to the vascular plants (or tracheophytes) found growing without cultivation in New York State, with an emphasis on showing which plants are native to the New York region, which plants have been introduced from elsewhere, where in the state the plants are likely to be found, and how likely they are to be found.

Lycopodiopsida (lycophytes)

Order	Family	Subfamily	Genus	Common names	#
Lycopodiales	Lycopodiaceae	Huperzioideae	Huperzia	firmoss	5
		Lycopodioideae	Lycopodium	clubmoss	2
			Dendrolycopodium	tree clubmoss	3
			Spinulum	interrupted clubmoss	3
			Diphasiastrum	ground cedar	7
		Lycopodielloideae	Lycopodiella	bog clubmoss	6
		Lycopodielloideae	Pseudolycopodiella	false bog clubmoss	1
Selaginellales	Selaginellaceae	—	Selaginella	spikemoss	3
Isoetales	Isoetaceae	—	Isoetes	quillwort	8

Polypodiopsida (ferns)

Pre-polypod ferns

Order	Family	Genus	Subgenus	Common names	#
Ophioglossales	Ophioglossaceae	Botrychium	Botrychium	moonwort, grape fern	8
			Osmundopteris	rattlesnake fern	1
			Sceptridium	evergreen grapefern	4
		Ophioglossum		adder's tongue	1
Equisetales	Equisetaceae	Equisetum	Equisetum	horsetail	6
Equisetales	Equisetaceae	Equisetum	Hippochaete	scouring rush	7
Osmundales	Osmundaceae	Osmundastrum		cinnamon fern	1
		Osmunda	Claytosmunda	interrupted fern	1
		Osmunda	Osmunda	royal fern	1
Hymenophyllales	Hymenophyllaceae	Crepidomanes		grotto felt, weft fern	1
Schizaeales	Lygodiaceae	Lygodium		climbing fern	1
Schizaeales	Schizaeaceae	Schizaea		curlygrass fern	1
Salviniales	Salviniaceae	Azolla		mosquitofern	1
	Salviniaceae	Salvinia		watermoss, floatingfern	2
	Marsileaceae	Marsilea		waterclover, waterfern	1

Polypod ferns

Order	Family	Subfamily	Genus	Common name(s)	#
Polypodiales	Dennstaedtiaceae	—	Dennstaedtia	hay-scented fern	1
	Dennstaedtiaceae	—	Pteridium	brackenfern	2
	Pteridaceae	Cryptogrammoideae	Cryptogramma	rock brake	1
		Pteridoideae	Pteris	brake fern	1
		Cheilanthoideae	Pellaea	cliff brake	2
		Cheilanthoideae	Cheilanthes	lip fern	1
		Vittarioideae	Adiantum	maidenhair-fern	1
		Vittarioideae	Vittaria	ribbon fern	1
	Aspleniaceae	Cystopteridoideae	Cystopteris	bladder fern	5
		Cystopteridoideae	Gymnocarpium	oak fern	2
		Asplenioideae	Asplenium	spleenwort	10
		Thelypteridoideae	Phegopteris	beech fern	2
		Thelypteridoideae	Thelypteris	maiden fern, New York fern	3
		Woodsioideae	Woodsia	cliff fern	5
		Blechnoideae	Onoclea	sensitive fern	1
			Matteuccia	ostrich fern	1
			Woodwardia	chain fern	2
		Athyrioideae	Deparia	false spleenwort	1
		Athyrioideae	Athyrium	lady fern	3
	Diplaziopsidaceae	—	Homalosorus	glade fern	1
	Polypodiaceae	Dryopteridoideae	Cyrtomium	Japanese hollyfern	1
			Dryopteris	woodfern	30
			Polystichum	hollyfern	5
		Polypodioideae	Polypodium	polypody, rockcap fern	3
		Polypodioideae	Pleopeltis	scaly-polypody, resurrection fern	1

Ginkgoopsida & Pinopsida (gymnosperms)

Order	Family	Subfamily		Genera	Common names	#
Ginkgoales	Ginkgoaceae	—		Ginkgo	maidenhair tree, ginkgo	1
Pinales	Pinaceae	Pinoideae (or)	Pinoideae	Pinus subg. Strobus	soft pine	1
			Pinoideae	Pinus subg. Pinus	hard pines	8
			Piceoideae	Picea	spruce	5
			Laricoideae	Pseudotsuga	Douglas-fir	1
			Laricoideae	Larix	larch, tamarack	3
		Abietoideae		Tsuga	hemlock	1
		Abietoideae		Abies	fir (true firs)	4
	Cupressaceae	Taxodioideae		Taxodium	cypress	1
		Cupressoideae		Thuja	arborvitae, white-cedar	1
				Juniperus	juniper, red-cedar	4
				Chamaecyparis	cedar, false cypress	2
	Taxaceae	—		Taxus	yew	3

Liliopsida (monocots)

Nymphaeales & magnoliids

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genus	Common names	T
Nymphaeales	Cabombaceae	—	—	Brasenia	water-shield, wendock	1
	Cabombaceae	—	—	Cabomba	fanwort, watershield	1
	Nymphaeaceae	Nupharoideae	—	Nuphar	yellow pond lily, spatterdock	4
	Nymphaeaceae	Nymphaeoideae	—	Nymphaea	white waterlily	2
Magnoliales	Magnoliaceae	—	—	Magnolia	magnolia, cucumber tree, sweet-bay	5
	Magnoliaceae	—	—	Liriodendron	tulip tree, tulip poplar, yellow poplar	1
	Annonaceae	Annonoideae	—	Asimina	pawpaw, dog banana, Indian banana	1
Laurales	Calycanthaceae	—	—	Calycanthus	sweet-shrub, strawberry bush	2
	Lauraceae	—	Cinnamomeae	Lindera	spicebush	1
				Sassafras	sassafras, ague tree, mitten tree	1
				Persea	avocado	1
Piperales	Aristolochiaceae	Asaroideae	—	Asarum	wild ginger	1
		Asaroideae	—	Hexastylis	heartleaf	1
		Aristolochioideae	—	Endodeca	snakeroot, serpentary	1
				Isotrema	dutchman's pipe, pipevine	2
				Aristolochia	birthwort, heartwort	1
	Saururaceae	—	—	Saururus	lizard's tail, water-dragon, swamp root	1

Acorales & Alismatales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Acorales	Acoraceae	—	—	Acorus (sweetflag)	1	2
Alismatales	Araceae	Orontioideae	Orontieae	Orontium (duckweed)	1	1
		Orontioideae	Symplocarpeae	Symplocarpus (skunk cabbage)	1	1
		Lemnoideae	—	Lemna (duckweed) Spirodela (duckmeat) Wolffia (watermeal)	3	10
		Aroideae	Calleae	Calla (callalily)	1	1
			Peltandra	Peltandra (arrow-arum)	1	1
			Arisaemateae	Arisaema (Jack-in-the-pulpit) Pinellia (green dragon)	2	5
			Pistieae	Pistia (water-lettuce)	1	1
	Tofieldiaceae	—	—	Triantha (Tofieldia)	1	1
	Hydrocharitaceae	Hydrocharitoideae	—	Egeria (waterweed) Hydrocharis (frogbit) Limnobium (spongeplant)	3	3
		Anacharidoideae	—	Elodea (waterweed)	1	3
		Najadoideae	Najadeae	Najas (waternymph, naiad) Hydrilla (water-thyme)	2	8
		Najadoideae	Vallisnerieae	Vallisneria (eelgrass)	1	1
	Butomaceae	—	—	Butomus (flowering rush)	1	1
	Alismataceae	—	—	Sagittaria (arrowhead) Alisma (water-plantiain) Helanthium (burhead)	3	12
	Scheuchzeriaceae	—	—	Scheuchzeria (rannoch-rush)	1	1
	Juncaginaceae	Juncaginoideae	—	Triglochin (arrowgrass)	1	2
	Zosteraceae	—	—	Zostera (eelgrass)	1	1
	Zannichelliaceae	—	—	Zannichellia (horned-pondweed)	1	1
	Potamogetonaceae	—	—	Potamogeton (pondweed) Stuckenia (fineleaf pondweed)	2	35
	Ruppiaceae	—	—	Ruppia (ditch-grass)	1	1

Dioscoreales, Liliales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Dioscoreales	Nartheciaceae	—	—	Aletris (colic root)	1	1
Dioscoreales	Dioscoreaceae	Dioscoreoideae	—	Dioscorea (yam)	1	2
Liliales	Colchicaceae	—	Uvularieae	Uvularia (bellwort)	1	4
	Colchicaceae	—	Colchiceae	Colchium (autumn crocus)	1	1
	Melanthiaceae	—	Melanthieae	Veratrum (false hellebore) Anticlea (death camas) Amianthium (fly poison) Stenanthium (featherbells)	4	6
			Heloniadeae	Helonias (swamp pink)	1	1
			Chionographideae	Chamaelirium (fairywand, devil's bit)	1	1
			Parideae	Trillium (trillium, wake-robin)	1	8
	Smilacaceae	—	—	Smilax (greenbrier)	1	7
	Liliaceae	Calochortoideae	—	Streptopus (twisted stalk) Prosartes (fairy bells)	2	4
		Medeoloideae	—	Clintonia (bluebead) Medeola (Indian cucumber)	2	3
		Lilioideae	Tulipeae	Tulipa (wild tulip)	1	1
		Lilioideae	Lilieae	Erythronium (trout lily) Lilium (lily)	2	8

Asparagales

Order	P	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Asparagales	1	Orchidaceae	Vanilloideae	Pogonieae	Pogonia (snakemouth orchid) Isotria (fiveleaf orchid)	2	3
			Cypripedioideae	—	Cypripedium (lady's slipper)	1	8
			Epidendroideae	Neottieae	Epipactis (helleborine) Neottia (twayblade)	2	6
				Triphoreae	Triphora (noddingcaps)	1	1
				Arethuseae	Arethusa (dragon's mouth)	2	2
				Malaxideae	Liparis (widelip-orchid) Malaxis (adder's-mouth-orchid)	2	5
				Maxillarieae	Corallorhiza (coralroot) Aplectrum (Adam and Eve)	3	6
				Calypsoeae	Calypso (fairy slipper) Tipularia (cranefly orchid)	2	2
			Orchidoideae	Orchideae	Amerorchis (roundleaf orchis) Coeloglossum (frog-orchid) Galearis (galearis) Platanthera (fringed-orchid)	4	23
			Orchidoideae	Cranichideae	Goodyera (rattlesnake-plantain) Spiranthes (ladies'-tresses)	2	12
		Hypoxidaceae	—	—	Hypoxis (eastern yellow stargrass)	1	1
	2	Iridaceae	Iridoideae	Irideae	Iris (iris)	1	10
			Iridoideae	Sisyrinchieae	Sisyrinchium (blue-eyed grass)	1	7
			Crocoideae	Ixiae	Crocus (crocus)	1	4
		Asphodelaceae	Hemerocallidoieae	Hemerocallideae	Hemerocallis (daylily)	1	2
	3	Ammaryllidaceae	Allioideae	—	Allium (garlic, onion, leek, chives)	1	14
			Amaryllidoideae	Narcisseae	Narcissus (daffodil)	1	4
			Amaryllidoideae	Galantheae	Galanthus (snowdrop) Leucojum (snowflake)	2	3
		Asparagaceae	Scilloideae	Ornithogaleae	Ornithogalum (star-of-Bethlehem)	1	2
			Scilloideae	Hyacintheae	Chionodoxa (glory of the snow) Hyacinthoides (English-bluebell) Muscari (grape-hyacinth) Scilla (squill)	4	5
			Agavoideae	Agaveae	Yucca (Adam's needle) Hosta (plantain lily)	2	4
			Asparagoideae	—	Asparagus (asparagus)	1	1
			Nolinoideae	—	Convallaria (lily-of-the-valley)	1	2
			Nolinoideae	—	Maianthemum (mayflower) Polygonatum (Solomon's-seal)	2	6

Poales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Subtribe	Genera	G	T
Poales	Typhaceae	—	—	—	Typha (cattail) Sparganium (bur-reed)	2	10
	Eriocaulaceae	Eriocauloideae	—	—	Eriocaulon (pipewort)	1	2
	Xyridaceae	Xyridoideae	—	—	Xyris (yellow-eyed grass)	1	5
	Juncaceae	—	—	—	Juncus (rush) Luzula (wood rush)	2	46
	Cyperaceae	Cyperoideae	Sclerieae	—	Scleria (nut rush)	1	6
			Cladieae	—	Cladium (sawgrass, twig rush)	1	1
			Schoeneae	Rhynchosporinae	Rhynchospora (beaksedge)	1	15
			Scirpeae	—	Eriophorum (cottongrass) Scirpus (bulrush) Trichophorum (bulrush)	3	23
			Cariceae	—	Carex (sedge)	1	213
			Dulichieae	—	Dulichium (threeway sedge)	1	1
			Abildgaardieae	—	Bulbostylis (hair sedge) Fimbristylis (fimbry)	2	5
			Fuireneae	—	Bolboschoenus (tuberous bulrush) Fuirena (umbrella sedge) Schoenoplectus (bulrush)	3	16
			Eleocharideae	—	Eleocharis (spikerush)	1	28
			Cypereae	—	Cyperus (flatsedge) Kyllinga (spikesedge) Lipocarpha (halfchaff sedge) Scirpoides (roundhead bulrush)	4	31
	Poaceae	Panicoideae	Paniceae	Arthropogoninae	Coleataenia (panic grass)	1	4
				Cenchrinae	Cenchrus (sandbur)	1	6
				Digitariinae	Digitaria (crab grass)	1	6
				Melinidinae	Eriochloa (cup grass)	1	1
				Panicinae	Echinochloa (cockspur grass) Oplismenus (basket grass) Panicum (panic grass) Dichanthelium (rosette grass)	4	48
				Paspalinae	Paspalum (crown grass) Amphicarpum (maiden cane)	2	6
				Setariinae	Setaria (bristle grass)	1	7
			Andropogoneae	Andropogoninae	Andropogon (bluestem) Schizachyrium (little bluestem) Arthraxon (carpgrass)	3	6
				Coicinae	Coix (Job's tears)	1	1
				Saccharinae	Microstegium (stilt grass) Miscanthus (silver grass) Saccharum (sugar cane)	3	4
				Sorghinae	Sorghastrum (Indian grass) Sorghum (sorghum) Bothriochloa (beard grass)	3	5
				Tripsacinae	Tripsacum (gama grass) Zea (corn)	2	2
			Centotheceae	—	Chasmanthium (wood oats)	1	1
		Danthonioideae	Danthonieae	—	Danthonia (oat grass)	1	2
		Chloridoideae	Eragrostideae	Eragrostidinae	Eragrostis (love grass)	1	11
			Zoysieae	Sporobolinae	Sporobolus (dropseed) Spartina (cord grass) Calamovilfa (sand reed) Crypsis (prickle grass)	4	17
			Cynodonteae	Gouiniinae	Triplasis (sand grass)	1	1
				Eleusininae	Leptochloa (sprangletop) Chloris (windmill grass) Trichloris (false rhodes grass) Cynodon (Bermuda grass) Eleusine (goose grass) Eustachys (finger grass) Dactyloctenium (crowfoot grass)	7	9
				Pappophorinae	Tridens (fluff grass) Pappophorum (pappus grass)	2	3
				Traginae	Tragus (burr grass)	1	2
				Monanthochloinae	Distichlis (salt grass)	1	1
				Boutelouinae	Bouteloua (grama)	1	2
				Muhlenbergiinae	Muhlenbergia (muhly)	1	10
		Aristidoideae	—	—	Aristida (three-awn grass)	1	8
		Arundinoideae	—	—	Phragmites (reed) Molinia (moor grass)	2	3
		Ehrhartoideae	Oryzeae	Oryzinae	Leersia (cut grass)	1	2
		Ehrhartoideae	Oryzeae	Zizaniinae	Zizania (wild rice)	1	2
		Bambusoideae	Arundinarieae	—	Arundinaria (cane) Phyllostachys (bamboo)	2	3
		Pooideae	Brachyelytreae	—	Brachyelytrum (short-husk)	1	2
			Nardeae	Nardineae	Nardus (mat grass)	1	1
			Meliceae	Melicineae	Glyceria (manna grass) Melica (melic grass) Schizachne (false melic)	3	14
			Stipeae	Stipinae	Oryzopsis (rice grass) Patis (rice grass) Piptatheropsis (rice grass) Piptochaetium (spear grass) Hesperostipa (needle-and-thread) Nassella (needle grass)	6	7
			Diarrheneae	—	Diarrhena (beak-grain)	1	1
			Brachypodieae	—	Brachypodium (false brome)	1	1
			Hordeeae	Bromineae	Bromus (brome)	1	26
			Hordeeae	Hordeinae	Agropyron (wheat grass) Elymus (wild rye) Eremopyrum (false wheatgrass) Hordeum (barley) Leymus (wild rye) Pascopyrum (wheat grass) Secale (rye) Taeniatherum (Medusahead) Aegilops (goat grass) Triticum (wheat) Thinopyrum (wheat grass)	11	39
			Poeae	Torreyochloinae	Torreyochloa (false mannagrass)	1	2
				Aveninae	Sphenopholis (wedgescale) Trisetum (oat grass) Graphephorum (false oat) Koeleria (June grass) Arrhenatherum (oat grass) Avena (oat)	7	12
				Cinninae	Cinna (wood reed)	1	2
				Phalaridinae	Anthoxanthum (sweet grass, vernal grass) Phalaris (canary grass)	2	7
				Brizinae	Briza (quaking grass)	1	3
				Agrostidinae	Agrostis (bent grass) Ammophila (beach grass) Calamagrostis (reed grass) Polypogon (rabbitsfoot grass)	4	23
				Coleanthinae	Puccinellia (alkali grass) Sclerochloa (hard grass)	2	5
				Airinae	Avenella (hair grass) Deschampsia (hair grass) Vahlodea (hair grass) Aira (hair grass) Corynephorus (clubawn grass) Holcus (velvet grass)	6	10
				Cynosurinae	Cynosurus (dogtail grass)	1	2
				Dactylidinae	Dactylis (orchard grass)	1	1
				Loliinae	Festuca, Vulpia (fescue) Lolium (rye grass) Schedonorus (fescue)	4	18
				Parapholiinae	Catapodium (fern grass)	1	1
				Sesleriinae	Mibora (sand grass)	1	1
				Alopecurinae	Alopecurus (foxtail) Beckmannia (slough grass) Phleum (timothy)	3	9
Miliinae				Milium (millet grass)	1	1
Poinae				Poa (blue grass) Apera (silky bentgrass)	2	22

Commelinales, Zingiberales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Commelinales	Commelinaceae	Commelinoideae	Tradescanteae	Tradescantia (spiderwort)	1	5
	Commelinaceae	Commelinoideae	Commelineae	Commelina (dayflower) Murdannia (marsh dewflower)	1	5
	Haemodoraceae	Haemodoroideae	—	Lachnanthes (Carolina redroot)	1	1
	Pontederiaceae	—	Pontederieae	Eichhornia (water hyacinth) Pontederia (pickerel weed)	2	2
	Pontederiaceae	—	Heteranthereae	Heteranthera (mud plantain)	1	2
Zingiberales	Cannaceae	—	—	Canna (canna lily)	1	1

Magnoliopsida (dicots)

Ceratophyllales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Ceratophyllales	Ceratophyllaceae	—	—	Ceratophyllum (hornwort)	1	2

Ranunculales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genus	Common names	T
Ranunculales	Lardizabalaceae	Lardizabaloideae	Akebieae	Akebia	chocolate vine. fiveleaf akebia	1
	Menispermaceae	Menispermoideae	Menispermeae	Menispermum	moonseed, Canada moonseed	1
	Berberidaceae	Podophylloideae	Leonticeae	Caulophyllum	blue cohosh, squaw-root, papoose-root	2
			Podophylleae	Podophyllum	mayapple, wild mandrake	1
			Podophylleae	Jeffersonia	twinleaf, rheumatism-root	1
		Berberidoideae	Berberideae	Berberis	barberry	3
		Berberidoideae	Berberideae	Mahonia	Oregon grape	1
	Ranunculaceae	Hydrastoideae	Hydrastideae	Hydrastis	golden-seal, yellow puccoon	1
		Coptidoieae	Coptideae	Coptis	goldthread, three-leaved goldthread	1
		Coptidoieae	Xanthorhizeae	Xanthorhiza	yellowroot	1
		Thalictroideae	Aquilegieae	Aquilegia	columbine, wild columbine	2
			Aquilegieae	Enemion	false rue anemone	1
			Thalictreae	Thalictrum	meadow rue	7
		Ranunculoideae	Actaeeae	Actaea	baneberry	5
			Actaeeae	Eranthis	winter aconite	1
			Caltheae	Caltha	marsh marigold	1
				Trollius	globeflower	1
				Adonis	pheasant's eye	2
			Delphinieae	Aconitum	monkshood	3
				Delphinium	lark-spur	1
				Consolida	knight's-spur, lark-spur	2
			Nigelleae	Nigella	love-in-a-mist, devil-in-the-bush	1
			Helleboreae	Helleborus	hellebore, Christmas-rose	2
			Anemoneae	Anemone	hepatica, thimbleweed	9
			Anemoneae	Clematis	leather flower, virgin's-bower	6
			Ranunculeae	Halerpestes	seaside crowfoot	1
				Ceratocephala	curvseed butterwort	1
				Ficaria	celadine	1
				Ranunculus	buttercup, crowfoot, spearwort	23
	Papaveraceae	Papaveroideae	Papavereae	Argemone	pricklypoppy	2
			Papavereae	Papaver	poppy	6
			Chelidonieae	Sanguinaria	bloodroot, red puccuoon	1
				Chelidonium	greater celandine	1
				Macleaya	plume poppy	1
				Glaucium	hornpoppy	2
				Stylophorum	celandine-poppy	1
			Eschscholtzieae	Eschscholzia	California poppy	1
		Fumarioideae	Fumarieae	Dicentra	bleeding-heart, Dutchman's breeches	3
				Lamprocapnos	Asian bleeding-heart	1
				Adlumia	climbing fumitory	1
				Capnoides	harlequin, pink corydalis	1
				Corydalis	fumewort, corydalis	3
				Fumaria	fumitory	1
				Pseudofumaria	rock fumitory, yellow corydalis	1

Proteales, Buxales, Saxifragales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	#
Proteales	Nelumbonaceae	−	−	Nelumbo (lotus)	2
Proteales	Platanaceae	−	−	Platanus (sycamore)	2
Buxales	Buxaceae	Buxoideae	−	Buxus (boxwood)	1
Buxales	Buxaceae	Pachysandroideae	Pachysandreae	Pachysandra (spurge)	2
Saxifragales	Paeoniaceae	−	−	Paeonia (peony)	1
	Altingiaceae	−	−	Liquidambar (sweetgum)	1
	Hamamelidaceae	Hamamelidoideae	Hamamelideae	Hamamelis (witchhazel)	1
	Cercidiphyllaceae	−	−	Cercidiphyllum (katsura tree)	1
	Crassulaceae	Crassuloideae	−	Crassula (pygmyweed)	1
		Sempervivoideae	Umbiliceae	Rhodiola (roseroot stonecrop) Hylotelephium (stonecrop) Phedimus (false stonecrop)	7
			Semperviveae	Sempervivum (houseleek, hen-and-chickens)	1
			Sedeae	Sedum (stonecrop)	8
	Haloragaceae	−	Myriophylleae	Myriophyllum (watermilfoil) Proserpinaca (mermaidweed)	13
	Penthoraceae	−	−	Penthorum (ditch-stonecrop)	1
	Grossulariaceae	−	−	Ribes (currant, gooseberry)	11
	Saxifragaceae	Saxifragoideae	Saxifrageae	Saxifraga (saxifrage)	5
		Heucheroideae	Chrysosplenieae	Chrysosplenium (golden saxifrage)	1
		Heucheroideae	Heuchereae	Tiarella (foamflower) Mitella (miterwort) Heuchera (alumroot) Astilbe (florist's spiraea)	7

Vitales...Oxalidales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Vitales	Vitaceae	Vitoideae	−	Parthenocissus (creeper, woodbine, ivy) Vitis (grape) Ampelopsis (peppervine)	3	15
Zygophyllales	Zygophyllaceae	Tribuloideae	−	Tribulus (puncturevine)	1	1
Zygophyllales	Zygophyllaceae	Zygophylloideae	−	Zygophyllum (beancaper)	1	1
Celastrales	Parnassiaceae	Parnassioideae	—	Parnassia (grass of parnassus)	1	1
Celastrales	Celastraceae	Celastroideae	—	Celastrus (bittersweet, staff vine) Euonymus (burning bush, spindletree, wahoo)	2	9
Oxalidales	Oxalidaceae	—	—	Oxalis (woodsorrel)	1	6

Malpighiales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genus	Common names	#
Malpighiales	Hypericaceae	—	Hypericeae	Triadenum	marsh St. John's wort	2
	Hypericaceae	—	Hypericeae	Hypericum	St. John's wort	18
	Podostemaceae	Podostemoideae	—	Podostemum	river weed	1
	Elatinaceae	—	—	Elatine	water wort	3
	Violaceae	Violoideae	Violeae	Hybanthus	greenviolet	1
	Violaceae	Violoideae	Violeae	Viola	violet	57
	Salicaceae	Salicoideae	—	Populus	cottonwood, aspen, poplar	11
	Salicaceae	Salicoideae	—	Salix	willow	36
	Euphorbiaceae	Acalyphoideae	Acalypheae	Acalypha	copperleaf, three-seed mercury	4
				Mercurialis	herb mercury	1
				Ricinus	castor bean	1
		Crotonoideae	Crotoneae	Croton	rushfoil, hogwort	1
		Euphorbioideae	Euphorbieae	Euphorbia	spurge, sandmat	21
	Linaceae	Linoideae	Lineae	Linum	flax	9

Fabales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Fabales	Fabaceae	Brachystegioideae	Cercideae	Cercis (redbud)	1	1
		Faboideae	Sophoreae	Cladrastis (yellow wood)	1	1
			Thermopsideae	Baptisia (wild indigo) Thermopsis (golden-banner, false lupine)	2	4
			Crotalarieae	Crotalaria (rattle box)	1	2
			Genisteae	Cytisus (scotch broom) Genista (dyer's broom)	2	3
			Amorpheae	Amorpha (false-indigo) Dalea (prairie clover)	2	3
			Dalbergieae	Stylosanthes (pencilflower)	1	1
			Millettieae	Tephrosia (hoary-pea, wild goat's-rue) Wisteria (wisteria)	2	4
			Phaseoleae	Apios (ground nut) Amphicarpaea (hog peanut) Glycine (soy bean) Pueraria (kudzu) Strophostyles (fuzzybean) Phaseolus (kidney-bean) Lablab (hyacinth bean) Galactia (milk pea) Clitoria (pigeon wings)	9	11
			Desmodieae	Desmodium (tick trefoil) Hylodesmum (tick trefoil) Lespedeza (bush clover) Kummerowia (Asian clover)	4	36
			Psoraleeae	Cullen (scurf pea) Pediomelum (Indian-breadroot)	2	2
			Loteae	Acmispon (trefoil) Anthyllis (kidney vetch) Lotus (trefoil) Securigera (crown vetch) Ornithopus (bird's-foot)	5	7
			Robinieae	Robinia (locust)	1	4
			Galegeae	Astragalus (milk vetch) Glycyrrhiza (licorice) Galega (professor weed) Colutea (bladder senna)	4	6
			Hedysareae	Caragana (pea shrub)	1	2
			Cicereae	Cicer (chick pea,)	1	1
			Trifolieae	Medicago (alfalfa, medick) Melilotus (sweet clover) Trifolium (clover) Trigonella (fenugreek)	4	24
			Fabeae	Lathyrus (pea) Lens (lentil) Pisum (pea, garden pea) Vicia (vetch)	4	30
		Caesalpinioideae	Cassieae	Chamaecrista (sensitive pea, partridge pea) Senna (wild senna, java-bean, sicklepod)	2	4
		Caesalpinioideae	Caesalpinieae	Gleditsia (locust) Gymnocladus (coffee tree)	2	3
		Mimosoideae	Ingeae	Albizia (mimosa, silktree)	1	1
	Polygalaceae	—	Polygaleae	Polygala (milkwort, snakeroot)	1	12

Rosales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Rosales	Rosaceae	Rosoideae	Ulmarieae	Filipendula (queen)	1	3
			Rubeae	Dalibarda (dewdrop) Rubus (blackberry, raspberry, dewberry)	2	31
			Colurieae	Waldsteinia (barren strawberry) Geum (avens)	2	11
			Sanguisorbeae	Agrimonia (agrimony) Sanguisorba (burnet)	2	9
			Roseae	Rosa (rose)	1	31
			Potentilleae	Potentilla (cinquefoil) Argentina (silverweed) Duchesnea (mock strawberry) Comarum (marsh cinquefoil) Drymocallis (tall cinquefoil) Dasiphora (shrubby cinquefoil) Sibbaldia (cinquefoil) Fragaria (strawberry) Alchemilla (lady's mantle) Aphanes (parsley-piert)	9	23
		Amygdaloideae	Neillieae	Physocarpus (ninebark)	1	1
			Amygdaleae	Prunus (cherry, plum, peach)	1	18
			Exochordeae	Exochorda (pearlbrush)	1	1
			Kerrieae	Rhodotypos (jetbead) Kerria (Japanese rose)	2	2
			Sorbarieae	Sorbaria (false spiraea)	1	1
			Spiraeeae	Spiraea (meadowsweet) Aruncus (goatsbeard, bride's feathers)	2	16
			Gillenieae	Gillenia (Indian physic, Bowman's root)	1	2
			Maleae	Amelanchier (serviceberry) Aronia (chokeberry) Photinia (chokeberry) Cydonia (quince) Chaenomeles (flowering quince) Cotoneaster (cotoneaster) Crataegus (hawthorn) Malus (apple) Pyrus (pear) Sorbus (mountain ash)	10	82
	Rhamnaceae	Rhamnoideae	Rhamneae	Rhamnus (buckthorn) Frangula (glossy buckthorn)	2	3
	Rhamnaceae	Ziziphoideae	Pomaderreae	Ceanothus (New Jersey tea)	1	2
	Elaeagnaceae	—	—	Shepherdia (buffaloberry) Elaeagnus (silverberry, Russian olive, autumn olive)	2	5
	Ulmaceae	—	—	Ulmus (elm)	1	6
	Cannabaceae	—	—	Celtis (hackberry) Humulus (hops) Cannabis (hemp)	3	4
	Moraceae	—	Moreae	Morus (mulberry) Broussonetia (paper mulberry) Fatoua (crabweed)	5	6
			Maclureae	Maclura (Osage orange)	5	6
			Ficeae	Ficus (fig)	5	6
	Urticaceae	Urticoideae	Urticeae	Laportea (wood nettle) Urtica (nettle)	2	5
			Lecantheae	Pilea (clearweed)	1	3
			Boehmerieae	Boehmeria (false nettle)	1	1
			Parietarieae	Parietaria (pellitory)	1	2

Cucurbitales

Order	Family	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Cucurbitales	Cucurbitaceae	Thladiantheae	Thladiantha (Manchu tubergourd)	1	1
		Bryonieae	Ecballium (squirting-cucumber)	1	1
		Sicyoeae	Echinocystis (wild cucumber) Sicyos (burr cucumber)	2	2
		Benincaseae	Citrullus (watermelon) Cucumis (melon) Lagenaria (bottle gourd)	3	5
		Cucurbiteae	Cucurbita (squash, pumpkin)	1	2

Fagales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genus	Common names		#
Fagales	Fagaceae	Quercoideae	Querceae	Quercus	oak	white oak	15
			Querceae	Quercus	oak	red oak	16
			Castaneeae	Castanea	chestnut		4
		Fagoideae	—	Fagus	beech		2
	Myricaceae	—	—	Comptonia	sweetfern		1
				Myrica	sweetgale		1
				Morella	bayberry		2
	Juglandaceae	Juglandoideae	Juglandeae	Juglans	walnut, butternut		3
	Juglandaceae	Juglandoideae	Caryeae	Carya	hickory		8
	Betulaceae	Betuloideae	—	Alnus	alder		5
		Betuloideae	—	Betula	birch		15
		Coryloideae	Carpineae	Carpinus	hornbeam		3
			Carpineae	Ostrya	hop hornbean		1
			Coryleae	Corylus	hazelnut		3

Geraniales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Geraniales	Geraniaceae	—	—	Erodium (stork's-bill) Geranium (crane's-bill)	2	17

Myrtales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Myrtales	Onagraceae	Ludwigioideae	—	Ludwigia (primrose willow)	1	5
		Onagroideae	Circaeeae	Circaea (enchanter's nightshade)	1	3
			Epilobieae	Chamerion (fireweed) Epilobium (willow herb)	2	10
			Onagreae	Gaura (bee blossom) Oenothera (evening primrose)	2	17
	Lythraceae	Lagerstroemioideae	—	Trapa (water chestnut)	1	1
		Punicoideae	—	Cuphea (waxweed) Rotala (toothcup)	2	2
		Lythroideae	—	Decodon (water willow) Lythrum (loosestrife)	2	5
	Melastomataceae	Melastomatoideae	Melastomateae	Rhexia (meadow beauty)	1	2

Crossosomatales, Sapindales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genus	Common species names	#
Crossosomatales	Staphyleaceae	—	—	Staphylea	bladdernut	1
Sapindales	Anacardiaceae	Anacardioideae	Rhoeae	Rhus	sumac	5
				Toxicodendron	poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac	4
				Cotinus	smoketree	2
	Sapindaceae	Hippocastanoideae	Acereae	Acer	maple	15
		Hippocastanoideae	Hippocastaneae	Aesculus	buckeye, horse chestnut	2
		Sapindoideae	Koelreuterieae	Koelreuteria	golden rain tree	1
		Sapindoideae	Paullinieae	Cardiospermum	balloon vine	1
	Simaroubaceae	—	Ailantheae	Ailanthus	tree-of-heaven, Chinese sumac	1
	Rutaceae	Rutoideae	—	Ruta	rue	1
		Toddalioideae	—	Zanthoxylum	prickly ash	1
				Ptelea	hop tree	1
				Phellodendron	Amur cork tree	1
				Dictamnus	gas plant	1
	Meliaceae	Melioideae	Melieae	Melia	Chinaberry tree	1

Malvales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Malvales	Thymelaeaceae	Thymelaeoideae	Thymelaeeae	Dirca (leatherwood) Daphne (paradise plant, mezereon)	2	2
	Cistaceae	—	—	Crocanthemum (New-World frostweed) Helianthemum (Old-World frostweed) Hudsonia (golden heather) Lechea (pin weed)	4	16
	Sterculiaceae	—	—	Melochia (chocolate-weed)	1	1
	Tiliaceae	—	Tilieae	Tilia (basswood, linden)	1	3
	Malvaceae	—	Hibisceae	Hibiscus (rose mallow) Kosteletzkya (sea-shore mallow)	2	5
	Malvaceae	—	Malveae	Abutilon (Indian-mallow) Alcea (hollyhock) Althaea (marshmallow) Malva (mallow) Sida (fan petals) Sidalcea (checker bloom) Anoda (anoda)	7	13

Brassicales

Mustards, Capers, etc.

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Brassicales	Tropaeolaceae	—	—	Tropaeolum (nasturtium)	1	1
	Limnanthaceae	—	—	Floerkea (false mermaid-weed)	1	1
	Resedaceae	—	Resedeae	Reseda (mignonette, dyer's rocket)	1	4
	Cleomaceae	Cleomoideae	—	Polanisia (clammyweed) Peritoma (stinking beeplant) Tarenaya (spiderflower) Gynandropsis (cat’s-whiskers)	4	5
	Brassicaceae	—	Alysseae	Lunaria (honesty) Alyssum (madwort) Aurinia (goldentuft) Berteroa (false madwort) Lobularia (sweet alyssum)	5	7
			Conringieae	Conringia (hare's-ear-mustard)	1	1
			Thlaspideae	Alliaria (garlic mustard) Microthlaspi (pennycress) Thlaspi (pennycress) Teesdalia (shepherd's cress)	4	4
			Arabideae	Arabis (rockcress) Draba (whitlow grass)	2	6
			Iberideae	Iberis (candytuft)	1	3
			Isatideae	Isatis (dyer’s woad)	1	1
			Brassiceae	Cakile (sea rocket) Brassica (mustard) Coincya (star mustard) Diplotaxis (wall rocket) Eruca (rocket salad) Erucastrum (dog mustard) Raphanus (radish) Rapistrum (bastard cabbage) Sinapis (mustard)	9	19
			Sisymbrieae	Sisymbrium (tumble-mustard)	1	5
			Buniadeae	Bunias (warty cabbage)	1	1
			Hesperideae	Hesperis (dame's rocket)	1	1
			Cardamineae	Armoracia (horse radish) Cardamine (bitter cress) Barbarea (yellow rocket) Nasturtium (water cress) Rorippa (yellow cress) Subularia (awl wort)	6	26
			Lepidieae	Lepidium (pepper weed)	1	10
			Descurainieae	Descurainia (tansy mustard)	1	3
			Boechereae	Boechera (rock cress)	1	6
			Erysimeae	Erysimum (wall flower)	1	5
			Camelineae	Arabidopsis (rock cress) Camelina (false flax) Capsella (shepherd's purse) Neslia (ball mustard) Turritis (tower cress)	5	7

Santalales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Santalales	Comandraceae	—	—	Comandra (bastard-toadflax) Geocaulon (false-toadflax)	2	2
	Cervantesiaceae	—	—	Pyrularia (buffalo-nut, oil-nut)	1	1
	Viscaceae	—	—	Arceuthobium (dwarf-mistletoe) Phoradendron (mistletoe)	2	2

Caryophyllales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Caryophyllales	Droseraceae	—	—	Drosera (sundew)	1	4
	Plumbaginaceae	Limonioideae	Limonieae	Limonium (sea lavender)	1	2
	Polygonaceae	Polygonoideae	Fagopyreae	Fagopyrum (buckwheat)	1	2
			Rumiceae	Rumex (dock) Rheum (rhubarb)	2	16
			Persicarieae	Persicaria (smartweed)	1	19
			Polygoneae	Fallopia (false buckwheat, knotweed) Polygonella (jointweed) Polygonum (knotweed)	3	24
	Caryophyllaceae	Illecebroideae	Paronychieae	Herniaria (rupture wort) Paronychia (nail wort)	2	4
		Illecebroideae	Sperguleae	Spergularia (sand spurry) Spergula (spurry)	2	6
		Caryophylloideae	Sileneae	Silene (catchfly) Agrostemma (corncockle) Lychnis (campion)	3	20
		Caryophylloideae	Caryophylleae	Dianthus (pink) Gypsophila (baby's breath) Petrorhagia (pink) Saponaria (soap wort) Vaccaria (pink)	5	14
		Alsinoideae	Arenarieae	Arenaria (sand wort) Moehringia (sand wort)	2	2
			Alsineae	Cerastium (mouse-ear chickweed) Holosteum (jagged chickweed) Myosoton (giant chickweed, water chickweed) Stellaria (common chickweed)	4	19
			Sagineae	Sagina (pearlwort)	1	3
			Sclerantheae	Honckenya (sea chickweed) Minuartia (stitchwort) Scleranthus (German-knotgrass)	3	6
	Amaranthaceae	Amaranthoideae	—	Amaranthus (pigweed)	1	18
		Achyranthoideae	—	Achyranthes (chaff flower)	1	1
		Gomphrenoideae	—	Alternanthera (joyweed) Froelichia (snake cotton) Gomphrena (globe amaranth)	3	4
		Polycnemoideae	—	Polycnemum (needleleaf)	1	1
		Salicornioideae	Salicornieae	Salicornia (pickleweed) Sarcocornia (swampfire)	2	3
		Camphorosmoideae	Suaedeae	Suaeda (seepweed)	1	4
		Camphorosmoideae	Camphorosmeae	Bassia (smotherweed) Kochia (molly) Spirobassia (hairy smotherweed)	3	4
		Salsoloideae	Salsoleae	Salsola (Russian thistle) Kali (Russian thistle)	1	4
		Corispermoideae	—	Corispermum (bugseed)	1	3
		Chenopodioideae	Axyrideae	Axyris (Russian pigweed)	1	1
			Dysphanieae	Dysphania (goosefoot) Teloxys (wormseed) Cycloloma (pigweed)	3	9
			Anserineae	Spinacia (spinach) Blitum (goosefoot) Monolepis (poverty weed)	2	5
			Chenopodieae	Chenopodiastrum (goosefoot) Oxybasis (goosefoot) Atriplex (saltbush, orache) Chenopodium (goosefoot)	4	34
		Betoideae	—	Beta (beet)	1	1
	Aizoaceae	Tetragonioideae	—	Tetragonia (New Zealand spinach)	1	1
	Aizoaceae	Sesuvioideae	—	Sesuvium (sea purslane)	1	1
	Nyctaginaceae	—	Nyctagineae	Mirabilis (four-o'clock)	1	4
	Phytolaccaceae	—	—	Phytolacca (pokeweed)	1	1
	Molluginaceae	—	—	Mollugo (carpetweed)	1	1
	Portulacaceae	—	—	Claytonia (spring beauty) Portulaca (purslane, rose moss)	2	4
	Cactaceae	Opuntioideae	Opuntieae	Opuntia (prickly-pear, devil's tongue cactus)	1	1

Cornales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Cornales	Hydrangeaceae	Hydrangeoideae	Philadelpheae	Deutzia (pride of Rochester) Philadelphus (mock orange)	2	5
	Hydrangeaceae	Hydrangeoideae	Hydrangeae	Hydrangea (hydrangea) Decumaria (climbing hydrangea, woodvamp)	2	4
	Cornaceae	Cornoideae	—	Cornus (dogwood)	1	12
	Cornaceae	Nyssoideae	—	Nyssa (tupelo)	1	1

Ericales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	Common names	#
Ericales	Balsaminaceae	—	—	Impatiens	touch-me-not, jewelweed	4
	Polemoniaceae	Polemonioideae	Polemonieae	Polemonium	Jacob's ladder, charity	2
			Phocideae	Phlox	phlox	6
			Gilieae	Collomia	trumpet	1
			Gilieae	Gilia	gilia	1
			Loeselieae	Ipomopsis	red standing cypress	1
	Ebenaceae	Ebenoideae	—	Diospyros	persimmon	1
	Primulaceae	Theophrastoideae	Samoleae	Samolus	water pimpernel, brookweed	1
		Primuloideae	—	Primula	primrose	5
				Dodecatheon	shooting star → Primula	—
				Hottonia	featherfoil	1
				Androsace	rock-jasmine, pussytoes	1
		Myrsinoideae	—	Anagallis	pimpernel	1
				Trientalis	starflower → Lysimachia	—
				Lysimachia	yellow loosestrife	14
	Symplocaceae	—	—	Symplocos	sweetleaf	2
	Styracaceae	—	—	Halesia	silverbell	2
	Styracaceae	—	—	Styrax	snowbell	2
	Diapensiaceae	—	—	Diapensia	Lapland diapensia	1
				Galax	beetleweed	1
				Pyxidanthera	flowering moss, pyxies	1
	Sarraceniaceae	—	—	Sarracenia	pitcherplant, side-saddle plant	1
	Actinidiaceae	Actinidioideae	—	Actinidia	silver vine	1
	Clethraceae	—	—	Clethra	sweet pepperbush	1
	Ericaceae	Pyroloideae	Pyroleae	Orthilia	one-sided wintergreen	1
				Pyrola	wintergreen	9
				Moneses	single-delight, wintergreen	1
				Chimaphila	prince's pine, wintergreen	1
		Monotropoideae	Monotropeae	Monotropa	Indian pipe, pinesap	2
		Monotropoideae	Pterosporeae	Pterospora	pine drops, pinedrops	1
		Arbutoideae	—	Arctostaphylos	bearberry, kinnikinnick	1
		Harrimanelloideae	—	Harrimanella	moss bell-heather	1
		Ericoideae	Phyllodoceae	Epigaea	trailing arbutus, mayflower	1
			Phyllodoceae	Kalmia	laurel, mountain laurel, sheep laurel	5
			Ericeae	Calluna	heather	1
			Rhodoreae	Rhododendron	azalea, rhododendron, pinxter	8
		Empetroideae	Empetreae	Empetrum	crowberry (black, purple, red)	2
		Empetroideae	Empetreae	Corema	broom crowberry, poverty grass	1
		Vaccinoideae	Oxydendreae	Oxydendrum	swamp-cranberry, sourwood	1
			Lyonieae	Lyonia	stagger bush, maleberry	2
			Andromedeae	Andromeda	bog rosemary	1
			Gaultherieae	Chamaedaphne	leatherleaf	1
				Gaultheria	snowberry	1
				Eubotrys	fetterbush	1
				Leucothoe	doghobble	2
			Vaccinieae	Gaylussacia	huckleberry	3
			Vaccinieae	Vaccinium	blueberry, cranberry, deerberry, bilberry	11

Gentianales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Subtribe	Genera	G	T
Gentianales	Rubiaceae	Cinchonoideae	Naucleeae	—	Cephalanthus (button bush)	1	1
		Rubioideae	Morindeae	—	Mitchella (partridge berry)	1	1
			Spermacoceae	—	Diodia (buttonweed) Houstonia (bluet) Oldenlandia (clustered bluets)	3	6
			Rubieae	—	Rubia (madder) Sherardia (field-madder) Asperula (woodruff) Cruciata (bedstraw) Galium (bedstraw, wild-licorice, cleavers)	5	29
	Loganiaceae	—	—	—	Spigelia (Indian pink, pinkroot)	1	1
	Gentianaceae	—	Chironieae	—	Centaurium (centaury) Sabatia (rose gentian, pink)	2	6
			Gentianeae	Gentianinae	Gentiana (gentian)	1	5
			Gentianeae	Swertiinae	Bartonia (screwstem) Frasera (green-gentian) Gentianella (dwarf gentian) Gentianopsis (fringed-gentian) Halenia (spurred-gentian)	5	7
	Apocynaceae	Rauvolfioideae	Vinceae	Vincinae	Vinca (periwinkle)	1	2
		Rauvolfioideae	Amsonieae	—	Amsonia (bluestar)	1	3
		Apocynoideae	Apocyneae	—	Apocynum (dogbane)	1	3
		Periplocoideae	—	—	Periploca (silk vine)	1	1
		Asclepiadoideae	Asclepiadeae	Asclepiadinae	Asclepias (milkweed)	1	12
				Cynanchinae	Cynanchum (honeyvine)	1	1
				Tylophorinae	Vincetoxicum (swallow-wort)	1	3

Solanales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Solanales	Convolvulaceae	Convolvuloideae	Convolvuleae	Convolvulus (bindweed) Calystegia (false bindweed)	2	12
		Convolvuloideae	Ipomoeeae	Ipomoea (morning-glory, sweet potato)	1	8
		Cuscutoideae	—	Cuscuta (dodder)	1	13
	Solanaceae	Schizanthoideae	—	Schizanthus (poorman's orchid)	1	1
		Petunioideae	—	Petunia (garden petunia)	1	1
		Nicotianoideae	Nicotianeae	Nicotiana (tobacco)	1	4
		Solanoideae	Nicandreae	Nicandra (shoofly plant)	1	1
			Hyoscyameae	Atropa (belladonna, nightshade) Hyoscyamus (henbane) Lycium (matrimony vine)	3	3
			Capsiceae	Capsicum (pepper)	1	1
			Datureae	Datura (jimsonweed)	1	1
			Physaleae	Physalis (ground cherry) Leucophysalis (false ground cherry)	2	9
			Solaneae	Solanum (nightshade, tomato)	1	14

Boraginales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Boraginales	Boraginaceae	Boraginoideae	Boragineae	Anchusa (bugloss) Borago (borage) Brunnera (bugloss) Pulmonaria (lungwort) Symphytum (comfrey)	5	8
			Cynoglosseae	Cynoglossum (hound's tongue)	1	3
			Echieae	Echium (Viper's bugloss)	1	3
			Eritrichieae	Hackelia (stickseed) Mertensia (blue bells) Amsinckia (fiddleneck) Lappula (stickseed) Asperugo (German madwort)	5	9
			Lithospermeae	Lithospermum (stoneseed) Myosotis (forget-me-not) Buglossoides (corn gromwell)	3	14
		Hydrophylloideae	—	Hydrophyllum (waterleaf, John's cabbage) Ellisia (Aunt Lucy, false babyblueeyes) Phacelia (scorpion-weed, desert bluebells)	3	6
		Heliotropioideae	—	Heliotropium (heliotrope)	1	4

Lamiales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Subtribe	Genera	G	T
Lamiales	Oleaceae	—	Forsythieae	—	Forsythia	1	2
		—	Oleeae	Fraxininae	Fraxinus (ash)	1	5
				Ligustrinae	Syringa (lilac) Ligustrum (privet)	2	8
				Oleinae	Chionanthus (fringe tree)	1	1
	Tetrachondraceae	—	—	—	Polypremum (juniper leaf)	1	1
	Plantaginaceae	—	Gratioleae	—	Gratiola (hedge hyssop) Leucospora (cliff conobea)	2	3
			Cheloneae	—	Chelone (turtlehead) Collinsia (blue-eyed Mary) Penstemon (beard tongue)	3	8
			Antirrhineae	—	Antirrhinum (snapdragon) Chaenorhinum (dwarf snapdragon) Cymbalaria (toadflax) Kickxia (cancerwort) Linaria (toadflax) Misopates (snapdragon) Nuttallanthus (toadflax)	7	11
			Callitricheae	—	Callitriche (water starwort) Hippuris (mare's-tail)	2	6
			Digitalideae	—	Digitalis (foxglove)	1	4
			Veroniceae	—	Veronica (speedwell) Veronicastrum (Culver's root)	2	25
			Plantagineae	—	Littorella (shore grass) Plantago (plantain)	2	16
	Scrophulariaceae	Scrophularioideae	Scrophularieae	—	Scrophularia (figwort) Verbascum (mullein)	2	11
		Scrophularioideae	Limoselleae	—	Limosella (mudwort)	1	1
		Buddlejoideae	Buddlejeae	—	Buddleja (butterfly bush)	1	1
	Lamiaceae	Viticoideae	—	—	Vitex (chasteberry)	1	1
		Ajugoideae	Ajugeae	—	Trichostema (blue curls) Ajuga (bugle)	2	3
		Ajugoideae	Teucrieae	—	Teucrium (germander)	1	3
		Scutellarioideae	—	—	Scutellaria (skullcap)	1	10
		Lamioideae	Marrubieae	—	Ballota, Marrubium (horehound) Moluccella (shellflower)	3	3
			Lamieae	—	Lamiastrum (yellow archangel) Lamium (deadnettle)	2	6
			Leonureae	—	Leonurus (motherwort, lion's tail)	1	2
			Phlomideae	—	Phlomis (Jerusalem sage)	1	1
			Synandreae	—	Physostegia (lion's heart, obedient plant)	1	1
			Stachydeae	—	Stachys (hedgenettle)	1	11
			(unplaced)	—	Galeopsis (hempnettle)	1	4
		Nepetoideae	Elsholtzieae	—	Collinsonia (horsebalm, richweed) Elsholtzia (latesummer mint) Perilla (beefsteak plant)	3	4
			Mentheae	Salviinae	Melissa (balm) Salvia (sage)	2	10
				Prunellinae	Prunella (selfheal)	1	3
				Lycopinae	Lycopus (bugle weed)	1	7
				Neptinae	Agastache (giant hyssop) Dracocephalum (dragonhead) Glechoma (ground ivy) Hyssopus (hyssop) Nepeta (catnip)	5	10
				Menthinae	Hedeoma (false-pennyroyal) Blephilia (pagoda-plant) Monarda (beebalm, wild bergamot, horse-mint) Pycnanthemum (mountain-mint) Cunila (dittany) Mentha (mint) Clinopodium, Calamintha (basil, calamint) Satureja (savory) Origanum (marjoram) Thymus (thyme)	10	37
			Ocimeae	—	Lavandula, Ocimum (lavender, basil)	2	2
	Mazaceae	—	—	—	Mazus (mazus)	1	2
	Phrymaceae	—	Mimuleae	—	Mimulus (monkey flower)	1	4
	Phrymaceae	—	Phrymeae	—	Phryma (lopseed)	1	1
	Paulowniaceae	—	—	—	Paulownia (princess tree, foxglove tree)	1	1
	Orobanchaceae	Rhinanthoideae	Castillejeae	—	Castilleja (Indian paintbrush) Orthocarpus (owl's clover)	2	2
			Gerardieae	—	Aureolaria (false foxglove) Agalinis (false foxglove, gerardia)	2	14
			Pedicularideae	—	Pedicularis (lousewort)	1	2
			Buchnereae	—	Buchnera (blue hearts)	1	1
			Rhinantheae	—	Euphrasia (eyebright) Melampyrum (cow wheat) Odontites (bartsia) Rhinanthus (yellow rattle)	4	7
		Orobanchoideae	Orobancheae	—	Epifagus (beechdrops) Conopholis (squawroot) Orobanche (broom rape)	3	4
		Orobanchoideae	Cymbarieae	—	Schwalbea (chaffseed)	1	1
	Verbenaceae	—	Verbeneae	—	Verbena (vervain)	1	12
	Verbenaceae	—	Lantaneae	—	Phyla (fogfruit, bogfruit)	2	2
	Pedaliaceae	Pedalioideae	Sesameae	—	Sesamum (sesame)	1	1
	Martyniaceae	—	—	—	Proboscidea (unicorn plant, devil's claw)	1	1
	Linderniaceae	—	Lindernieae	—	Micranthemum (mudflower) Lindernia (false pimpernel)	2	4
	Bignoniaceae	—	Tecomeae	—	Campsis (trumpet creeper)	1	1
	Bignoniaceae	—	Catalpeae	—	Catalpa (catalpa)	1	3
	Acanthaceae	Acanthoideae	Ruellieae	—	Ruellia (petunia)	1	1
	Acanthaceae	Acanthoideae	Justicieae	—	Justicia (water willow)	2	2
	Lentibulariaceae	—	—	—	Pinguicula (butterwort) Utricularia (bladderwort)	2	15

Aquifoliales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Aquifoliales	Aquifoliaceae	—	—	Ilex (holly)	1	7

Asterales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Subtribe	Genera	G	T
Asterales	Campanulaceae	Campanuloideae	Campanuleae	—	Campanula (bellflower) Campanulastrum (bellflower) Triodanis (Venus' looking-glass) Jasione (sheep bit) Platycodon (balloon flower)	5	12
	Campanulaceae	Lobelioideae	Lobelieae	—	Lobelia (cardinal flower)	1	7
	Menyanthaceae	—	—	—	Menyanthes (buckbean) Nymphoides (floating heart)	2	3
	Asteraceae (Compositeae)	Carduoideae	Cardueae	1. Carlininae	Carlina (carline thistle)	1	1
				2. Echinopsinae	Echinops (globe thistle)	1	1
				3. Carduinae	Onopordum (Scotch thistle) Arctium (burdock) Silybum (milk thistle) Cirsium (thistle) Carduus (plumeless thistle)	5	18
				4. Centaureinae	Plectocephalus (knapweed) Centaurea (knapweed, starthistle) Carthamus (safflower)	3	20
		Cichorioideae	Cichorieae	5. Scorzonerinae	Tragopogon (goat's beard)	1	4
				6. Scolyminae	Scolymus (golden thistle)	1	1
				7. Lactucinae	Lactuca, Mycelis (lettuce)	2	10
				8. Hyoseridinae	Sonchus (sow thistle)	1	5
				9. Crepidinae	Ixeris (creeping lettuce) Taraxacum (dandelion) Crepis (hawksbeard) Lapsana (nipplewort)	4	10
				10. Chondrillinae	Chondrilla (rush skeletonweed)	1	1
				11. Hypochaeridinae	Prenanthes (rattlesnakeroot) Scorzoneroides, Leontodon (hawkbit) Hypochaeris (cat's ear) Helminthotheca, Picris (oxtongue)	4	16
				12. Hieraciinae	Hieracium (hawkweed) Pilosella (hawkweed)	2	19
				13. Microseridinae	Krigia (dwarf dandelion) Stephanomeria (wire lettuce)	2	4
				14. Cichoriinae	Cichorium (chicory) Arnoseris (lamb's lettuce)	2	2
			Vernonieae	15. Vernoniineae	Vernonia (ironweed)	1	4
		Asteroideae	Senecioneae	16. Tussilagininae	Tussilago (coltsfoot) Petasites (butterbur) Arnoglossum (Indian plantain)	3	4
			Senecioneae	17. Senecioninae	Senecio (ragwort) Erechtites (burnweed) Packera (ragwort) Jacobaea (ragwort)	4	15
			Calenduleae	18.	Calendula (pot marigold)	1	1
			Gnaphalieae	19. Cassiniinae	Anaphalis (pearly everlasting) Antennaria (pussytoes)	2	8
			Gnaphalieae	20. Gnaphaliinae	Gnaphalium, Pseudognaphalium (cudweed) Gamochaeta (purple everlasting) Omalotheca (arctic cudweed) Filago, Logfia (cottonrose)	6	9
			Astereae	21. Bellidinae	Bellis (English daisy, lawn daisy)	1	1
				22. Asterinae	Callistephus (China aster) Tripolium (sea aster)	2	2
				23. Baccharidinae	Baccharis (baccharis)	1	1
				24. "ericamerioid asters"	Ericameria (rabbitbrush) Ionactis (aster) Oclemena (aster)	3	5
				25. Solidagininae	Sericocarpus (whitetop aster) Euthamia (goldentop) Oligoneuron (goldenrod) Solidago (goldenrod)	4	41
				26. Boltoniinae	Boltonia (doll's daisy)	1	2
				27. Machaerantherinae	Machaeranthera, Dieteria (tansy aster) Grindelia (gumweed)	3	6
				28. Symphyotrichinae	Doellingeria (whitetop) Symphyotrichum (aster)	2	38
				29. (unplaced)	Eurybia (aster)	1	6
				30. Chrysopsidinae	Pityopsis (silkgrass) Chrysopsis (goldenaster) Heterotheca (false goldenaster)	3	3
				31. Conyzinae	Conyza (horseweed) Erigeron (fleabane)	3	10
			Anthemideae	32. Artemisiinae	Nipponanthemum (daisy) Leucanthemella (ox-eye) Artemisia (sagebrush, wormwood)	3	20
				33. Matricariinae	Achillea (yarrow) Leucanthemella (chamomile)	2	11
				34. Anthemidinae	Anthemis (chamomile) Cota (chamomile) Tanacetum (tansy) Tripleurospermum (Mayweed)	2	11
				35. Leucantheminae	Leucanthemum (daisy)	1	1
				36. Santolininae	Chamaemelum (dog fennel) Cladanthus (dog fennel)	2	2
				37. Glebionidinae	Glebionis (crown daisy, corn marigold)	1	2
			Inuleae	38. Inulinae	Inula (yellowhead) Dittrichia (stinkwort)	2	4
			Inuleae	39. Plucheinae	Pluchea (camphor weed)	1	1
			Helenieae	40. Heleniinae	Helenium (sneeze weed) Gaillardia (blanket flower)	2	6
			Coreopsideae	41. Coreopsidinae	Bidens (beggar ticks) Coreopsis (tickseed) Cosmos (cosmos)	3	23
			Tageteae	42. Tagetinae	Tagetes (marigold) Dyssodia (dogweed)	2	3
			Chaenactideae	43.	Chaenactis (pincushion)	1	1
			Polymnieae	44.	Polymnia (leafcup)	1	1
			Ambrosieae (Heliantheae)	45. Ecliptinae	Eclipta (false daisy)	1	1
				46. Verbesininae	Verbesina (crown beard)	1	2
				47. Engelmanniinae	Chrysogonum (green & gold) Silphium (rosin weed)	2	4
				48. Rudbeckiinae	Rudbeckia (coneflower, blackeyed Susan) Ratibida (prairie coneflower)	2	11
				49. Ambrosiinae	Ambrosia (ragweed) Cyclachaena (sumpweed) Iva (marshelder) Parthenium (fever-few) Xanthium (cocklebur)	5	13
				50. Zinniinae	Heliopsis (smooth oxeye) Echinacea (purple coneflower)	2	4
				51. Helianthinae	Helianthus (sunflower) Heliomeris (false goldeneye)	2	18
			Millerieae	52. Milleriinae	Smallanthus (leafcup) Guizotia (ramtilla)	2	2
				53. Galinsoginae	Galinsoga (gallant soldier, quickweed)	1	2
				54. Melampodiinae	Acanthospermum (star burr)	1	4
			Madieae	55. Arnicinae	Arnica (lanceleaf arnica)	1	1
			Madieae	56. Madiinae	Madia (tar weed) Centromadia (spike weed)	2	3
			Eupatorieae	57. Oxylobinae	Ageratina (snakeroot)	1	2
				58. Mikaniinae	Mikania (hempvine)	1	1
				59. Gyptidinae	Conoclinium (mistflower, boneset, thoroughwort)	1	1
				60. Liatridinae	Liatris (blazing star)	1	6
				61. Eupatoriinae	Eupatorium (thoroughwort, boneset) Eutrochium (Joe-Pye weed)	1	21

Apiales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Subtribe	Genera	G	T
Apiales	Araliaceae	Aralioideae	Hedereae	—	Hedera (English ivy)	1	1
		Aralioideae	Aralieae	—	Aralia (spikenard, sarsaparilla, angelica tree) Panax (ginseng) Eleutherococcus (five-leaved aralia)	3	8
		Hydrocotyloideae	—	—	Hydrocotyle (water pennywort)	1	5
	Apiaceae	Saniculoideae	Saniculeae	—	Sanicula (sanicle, black snakeroot) Eryngium (eryngo, coyote thistle)	2	7
		Apioideae	Oenantheae	—	Sium (water-parsnip) Cicuta (water-hemlock) Cryptotaenia (honewort) Ptilimnium (mock bishop-weed, herb-william) Lilaeopsis (grasswort) Oxypolis (cowbane, stiff cowbane, water dropwort) Berula (water parsnip)	7	8
			Scandiceae	Scandicinae	Osmorhiza (sweetroot, sweet-cicely) Chaerophyllum (chervil) Anthriscus (chervil, cow parsley)	3	6
				Daucinae	Daucus (wild carrot, Queen Anne's lace)	1	1
				Torilidinae	Torilis (hedge parsley)	1	1
			Careae	—	Carum (caraway, anise) Aegopodium (goutweed, ground elder)	2	2
			Pimpinelleae	—	Pimpinella (burnet-saxifrage)	1	2
			Coriandreae	—	Coriandrum (coriander)	1	1
			Apieae	—	Apium (celery) Anethum (dill) Foeniculum (fennel) Levisticum (lovage) Petroselinum (parsley)	4	4
			Tordylieae	—	Heracleum (cow parsnip, hogweed) Pastinaca (parsnip)	2	4
			Selineae	—	Taenidia (yellow pimpernel) Zizia (golden Alexanders) Angelica (angelica) Ligusticum (licorice-root) Thaspium (meadow-parsnip) Aethusa (fool's parsley) Peucedanum (masterwort)	7	11
			(unplaced)	—	Conioselinum (hemlock-parsley) Erigenia (pepper-and-salt) Conium (poison hemlock)	3	3

Dipsacales

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Dipsacales	Adoxaceae	Opuloideae	Viburneae	Viburnum (hobblebush, nannyberry, arrowwood, possumhaw, cranberrybush)	1	19
		Adoxoideae	Sambuceae	Sambucus (elderberry)	1	3
		Adoxoideae	Adoxeae	Adoxa (muskroot)	1	1
	Caprifoliaceae	Diervilloideae	—	Diervilla (northern bush-honeysuckle) Weigela (crimson weigela)	2	2
		Caprifolioideae	Triosteeae	Triosteum (horse-gentian)	1	3
		Caprifolioideae	Caprifolieae	Lonicera (honeysuckle) Symphoricarpos (snowberry)	2	24
		Linnaeoideae	—	Linnaea (twinflower) Kolkwitzia (beautybush)	2	2
		Dipsacoideae	Succiseae	Succisella (frosted pearls)	1	1
			Dipsaceae	Dipsacus (teasel)	1	3
			Knautieae	Knautia (scabious, blue-buttons)	1	1
			Scabioseae	Scabiosa (scabious, pincushions)	1	1
		Valerianoideae	—	Valeriana (valerian) Valerianella (corn salad)	2	6

References

The orders used here for lycophytes and ferns classification are from Maarten J. M. Christenhusz, Xian-Chun Zhang & Harald Schneider (2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns". Phytotaxa 19: 7–54. http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00019p054.pdf. The orders used here for gymnosperm classification are from Maarten J. M. Christenhusz, James L. Reveal, Aljos Farjon, Martin F. Gardner, Robert R. Mill, Mark W. Chase (2011). "A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms". Phytotaxa 19: 55–70. http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00019p070.pdf. The orders used here for angiosperm classification are from: James L. Reveal (2012). "An outline of a classification scheme for extant flowering plants". Phytoneuron 37: 1–221. http://www.plantsystematics.org/reveal/pbio/fam/MagnoliidaeOnLine.html. P. F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, April 2015". University of Missouri, St Louis, and Missouri Botanical Garden. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/.

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