The first eleven Soviet cosmonauts, July 1965. Back row, left to right: Leonov, Titov, Bykovsky, Yegorov, Popovich; front row: Komarov, Gagarin, Tereshkova, Nikolayev, Feoktistov, Belyayev. All were awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union, worn on the left breast and the Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR decoration, worn on the right. By the time that the twelfth cosmonaut (Georgy Beregovoy) flew in 1968, Komarov and Gagarin were both dead.

A Soviet space skafander in the Museum of Cosmonautics, Moscow

This is a list of cosmonauts who have taken part in the missions of the Soviet space program and the Russian Federal Space Agency, including ethnic Russians and people of other ethnicities.

Soviet and Russian cosmonauts born outside Russia are marked with an asterisk and their place of birth is shown in an additional list.

For the full plain lists of Russian and Soviet cosmonauts in Wikipedia, see Category:Russian cosmonauts

Five female cosmonauts have flown on the Soviet/Russian program: Valentina Tereshkova, Svetlana Savitskaya, Yelena Kondakova, Yelena Serova^[1] and Anna Kikina.

Russian and Soviet cosmonauts

Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space

B

Nikolai Budarin

• Aleksandr Balandin — Soyuz TM-9
• Yuri Baturin — Soyuz TM-28/27, Soyuz TM-32/31
• Pavel Belyayev (1925–1970) — Voskhod 2
• Georgi Beregovoi* (1921–1995) — Soyuz 3
• Anatoly Berezovoy (1942–2014) — Soyuz T-5/7
• Valentin Bondarenko (1937–1961) — No flights.
• Andrei Borisenko — Soyuz TMA-21
• Konstantin Borisov — SpaceX Crew-7
• Nikolai Budarin — STS-71/Soyuz TM-21, Soyuz TM-27, STS-113/Soyuz TMA-1
• Valery Bykovsky (1934–2019) — Vostok 5, Soyuz 22, Soyuz 31/29

C

• Nikolai Chub — Soyuz MS-24/MS-25 (2023)

D

Vladimir Dezhurov

• Vladimir Dezhurov — Soyuz TM-21/STS-71
• Georgy Dobrovolsky* (1928–1971), Died on reentry. — Soyuz 11
• Pyotr Dubrov — Soyuz MS-18/Soyuz MS-19 (2021-22)
• Lev Dyomin (1926–1998) — Soyuz 15
• Vladimir Dzhanibekov* — Soyuz 27/26, Soyuz 39, Soyuz T-12, Soyuz T-13

K

Aleksandr Kaleri

Sergei Krikalev

• Aleksandr Kaleri* — Soyuz TM-14, Soyuz TM-24, Soyuz TM-30, Soyuz TMA-3, Soyuz TMA-01M
• Yevgeny Khrunov (1933–2000) — Soyuz 5/4
• Anna Kikina — SpaceX Crew-5
• Leonid Kizim* (1941–2010) — Soyuz T-3, Soyuz T-10/11, Soyuz T-15
• Pyotr Klimuk* — Soyuz 13, Soyuz 18, Soyuz 30
• Vladimir Komarov (1927–1967), Died on reentry. — Voskhod 1, Soyuz 1
• Yelena V. Kondakova — Soyuz TM-20/STS-84
• Dmitri Kondratyev — Soyuz TMA-20
• Oleg Kononenko* — Soyuz TMA-12, Soyuz TMA-03M, Soyuz TMA-17M
• Mikhail Korniyenko — Soyuz TMA-18, Soyuz TMA-16M
• Sergey Korsakov* — Soyuz MS-21
• Valery Korzun — Soyuz TM-24, STS-111/113
• Oleg Kotov* — Soyuz TMA-10, Soyuz TMA-17, Soyuz TMA-10M
• Vladimir Kovalyonok* — Soyuz 25, Soyuz 29/31, Soyuz T-4
• Konstantin Kozeyev — Soyuz TM-33/32
• Sergei Krikalev — Soyuz TM-7, Soyuz TM-12/ Soyuz TM-13, STS-60, STS-88, Soyuz TM-31/STS-102, Soyuz TMA-6
• Valeri Kubasov (1935–2014) — Soyuz 6, Soyuz 19, Soyuz 36/35
• Sergey Kud-Sverchkov — Soyuz MS-16

L

Alexei Leonov

Yuri Lonchakov

• Aleksandr Laveykin — Soyuz TM-2
• Vasili Lazarev (1928–1990) — Soyuz 12, Soyuz 18a
• Aleksandr Lazutkin — Soyuz TM-25
• Valentin Lebedev — Soyuz 13, Soyuz T-5/7
• Alexei Leonov (1934–2019) — Voskhod 2 (first walk in space), Soyuz 19
• Anatoli Levchenko* (1941–1988) — Soyuz TM-4/3
• Yuri Lonchakov* — STS-100, Soyuz TMA-1/TM-34, Soyuz TMA-13
• Vladimir Lyakhov* (1941–2018) — Soyuz 32/34, Soyuz T-9, Soyuz TM-6/5

P

Gennady Padalka

• Gennady Padalka — Soyuz TM-28, Soyuz TMA-4, Soyuz TMA-14, Soyuz TMA-04M, Soyuz TMA-16M
• Viktor Patsayev* (1933–1971), Died on reentry. — Soyuz 11
• Dmitry Petelin — Soyuz MS-22
• Oleg Platonov —
• Aleksandr Poleshchuk — Soyuz TM-16
• Valeri Polyakov (1942–2022) — Soyuz TM-6/7, Soyuz TM-18/20
• Leonid Popov* — Soyuz 35/37, Soyuz 40, Soyuz T-7/5
• Pavel Popovich* (1930–2009) — Vostok 4, Soyuz 14
• Sergey Prokopyev — Soyuz MS-09, Soyuz MS-22

S

Leonid Popov, Svetlana Savitskaya, Aleksandr Serebrov

Svetlana Savitskaya

• Aleksandr Samokutyayev — Soyuz TMA-21, Soyuz TMA-14M
• Gennadi Sarafanov (1942–2005) — Soyuz 15
• Viktor Savinykh — Soyuz T-4, Soyuz T-13/14, Soyuz TM-3,
• Svetlana Savitskaya — Soyuz T-7/5, Soyuz T-12
• Aleksandr Serebrov (1944–2013) — Soyuz T-7/5, Soyuz T-8, Soyuz TM-8, Soyuz TM-17
• Yelena Serova — Soyuz TMA-14M
• Vitali Sevastyanov (1935–2010) — Soyuz 9, Soyuz 18
• Yuri Shargin — Soyuz TMA-5/4
• Salizhan Sharipov* — STS-89, Soyuz TMA-5
• Vladimir Shatalov* (1927–2021) — Soyuz 4, Soyuz 8, Soyuz 10
• Klim Shipenko — Soyuz MS-19
• Anton Shkaplerov — Soyuz TMA-22, Soyuz TMA-15M
• Georgi Shonin* (1935–1997) — Soyuz 6
• Oleg Skripochka — Soyuz TMA-01M
• Aleksandr Skvortsov — Soyuz TMA-18
• Anatoly Solovyev* — Soyuz TM-5/4, Soyuz TM-9, Soyuz TM-15, STS-71/Soyuz TM-21, Soyuz TM-26
• Vladimir Solovyov — Soyuz T-10/11, Soyuz T-15
• Gennadi Strekalov (1940–2004) — Soyuz T-3, Soyuz T-8, Soyuz T-11/10, Soyuz TM-10, Soyuz TM-21/STS-71
• Maksim Surayev — Soyuz TMA-16, Soyuz TMA-13M

T

Valentina Tereshkova

• Yevgeni Tarelkin — Soyuz TMA-06M
• Valentina Tereshkova, First woman in space. — Vostok 6
• Gherman Titov (1935–2000) — Vostok 2
• Vladimir Titov — Soyuz T-8, Soyuz TM-4/6, STS-63, STS-86
• Valeri Tokarev — STS-96, Soyuz TMA-7
• Sergei Treshchov — STS-111/113
• Vasili Tsibliyev* — Soyuz TM-17, Soyuz TM-25
• Mikhail Tyurin — STS-105/108, Soyuz TMA-9, Soyuz TMA-11M

V

Igor Volk

• Vladimir Vasyutin* (1952–2002) — Soyuz T-14
• Ivan Vagner Soyuz MS-16
• Aleksandr Viktorenko* — Soyuz TM-3/2, Soyuz TM-8, Soyuz TM-14, Soyuz TM-20
• Pavel Vinogradov — Soyuz TM-26, Soyuz TMA-8
• Igor Volk* (1937–2017) — Soyuz T-12
• Alexander Volkov* — Soyuz T-14, Soyuz TM-7, Soyuz TM-13, Soyuz TM-13
• Sergei Aleksandrovich Volkov* — Soyuz TMA-12, Soyuz TMA-02M
• Vladislav Volkov (1935–1971), Died on reentry. — Soyuz 7, Soyuz 11
• Boris Volynov — Soyuz 5, Soyuz 21
• Sergei Vozovikov (1958–1993), drowned during survival training program — No flights.

Y

Fyodor Yurchikhin

• Boris Yegorov (1937–1994) — Voskhod 1
• Aleksei Yeliseyev — Soyuz 5/4, Soyuz 8, Soyuz 10
• Fyodor Yurchikhin* — STS-112, Soyuz TMA-10, Soyuz TMA-19, Soyuz TMA-09M

Eastern Bloc cosmonauts

From 1978–1988, the Soviet Union transported 11 citizens of 10 nations closely allied to the USSR in the Soyuz crewed vehicle. All of them flew as a result of the Interkosmos program. These space travelers have usually been referred to as "cosmonauts".

• Afghanistan: Abdul Ahad Mohmand — Soyuz TM-6/5
• Bulgaria:
  • Aleksandar Panayotov Aleksandrov — Soyuz TM-5/4
  • Georgi Ivanov — Soyuz 33
• Cuba: Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez — Soyuz 38
• Czechoslovakia: Vladimír Remek — Soyuz 28
• East Germany: Sigmund Jähn (1937–2019) — Soyuz 31/29
• Hungary: Bertalan Farkas — Soyuz 36/35
• Mongolia: Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa — Soyuz 39
• Poland: Mirosław Hermaszewski (1941–2022)— Soyuz 30
• Romania: Dumitru Prunariu — Soyuz 40
• Vietnam: Phạm Tuân — Soyuz 37/36

Other cosmonauts

In 1982, as an extension of the Intercosmos program, the Soviet Union began to fly the citizens of countries not part of the Soviet bloc, starting with Jean-Loup Chrétien of France. The USSR and later Russia have transported 49 citizens of 18 other nations on the Soyuz vehicle, usually as part of a commercial arrangement, including seven space tourists flying through the Space Adventures contract. Since 2001, the Soyuz has been used to transport ESA, JAXA, and NASA astronauts to the International Space Station. These space travelers are not always referred to as "cosmonauts", especially if they belong to another space program; e.g., NASA employees are almost always referred to as "astronauts", even if they are flying on a Russian vehicle.

Soviet and Russian cosmonauts born outside Russia

All Soviet and RKA cosmonauts have been born within the borders of the U.S.S.R.; no cosmonaut who was born in independent Russia has yet flown. Many cosmonauts, however, were born in Soviet territories outside the boundaries of Russia, and may be claimed by various Soviet successor states as nationals of those states. All claimed Soviet or Russian citizenship at the time of their space flights.

See also

• List of Russian aviators
• List of Russian explorers
• List of Russian inventors
• List of Soviet human spaceflight missions
• List of Russian human spaceflight missions

References