


The 32nd Chess Olympiad (Armenian: 32-րդ Շախմատային օլիմպիադա, 32-rd Shakhmatayin olimpiadan), organized by FIDE and comprising an open[1] and a women's tournament, took place between September 15 and October 2, 1996, in Yerevan, Armenia. Both tournament sections were officiated by international arbiter Alesha Khachatrian of Armenia.
The Russian team won their third consecutive title, captained by PCA world champion Kasparov. Once again, due to a dispute with the national federation, FIDE champion Anatoly Karpov was not present. Ukraine, led by Ivanchuk, took the silver, and the United States returned to the medal ranks for the first time since the fall of the Iron Curtain, beating England by half a point on tie break—somewhat ironically, half of the US team were born in Eastern Europe.
In addition to the overall medal winners, the teams were divided into seeding groups, with the top finishers in each group receiving special prizes.
Open event
The open division was contested by 114 teams representing 111 nations plus Armenia "B" and "C" as well as the International Braille Chess Association. Mali were signed up but didn't show up and were disqualified. Due to an odd number of participants, the hosts were allowed to field an additional third squad, but when team Yemen arrived after the second round, the number became odd again. However, Afghanistan set a new Olympic record by not showing up until round 8 and once again brought the total number of teams an even one.
The time control for each game permitted each player 2 hours to make the first 40 of his or her moves, then an additional 1-hour to make the next 20 moves. In the event of a draw, the tie-break was decided by 1. The Buchholz system; and 2. Match points.
- Open event - # - Country - Players - Average 
 rating- Points - Buchholz - 1  Russia Russia- Kasparov, Kramnik, Dreev, Svidler, Bareev, Rublevsky - 2714 - 38½ - 2  Ukraine Ukraine- Ivanchuk, Malaniuk, Romanyshyn, Novikov, Onyschuk, Savchenko - 2633 - 35 - 3  United States United States- Gulko, Yermolinsky, De Firmian, Kaidanov, Benjamin, Christiansen - 2595 - 34 - 448.0 - 4  England England- Short, Adams, Speelman, Sadler, Hodgson, Conquest - 2655 - 34 - 447.5 - 5  Armenia Armenia- Akopian, Vaganian, Lputian, Minasian, Anastasian, Petrosian - 2593 - 33½ - 452.0 - 6  Spain Spain- Shirov, Illescas, Magem, García, San Segundo, Izeta - 2605 - 33½ - 451.5 - 7 .svg.png.webp) Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina- Sokolov, Nikolić, Kurajica, Dizdarević, Kelecević, Sinanović - 2584 - 33½ - 439.5 - 8 .svg.png.webp) Georgia Georgia- Azmaiparashvili, Giorgadze, Sturua, Zaichik, Janjgava, Supatashvili - 2590 - 33 - 446.0 - 9  Bulgaria Bulgaria- Topalov, K. Georgiev, Spasov, Dimitrov, V. Georgiev, Chatalbashev - 2619 - 33 - 443.0 - 10  Germany Germany- Yusupov, Hübner, Dautov, Lobron, Hickl, Lutz - 2619 - 33 - 440.0 
- # - Country - Average 
 rating- Points - Buchholz - MP - 11  Sweden Sweden- 2544 - 33 - 434.0 - 12  Iceland Iceland- 2549 - 33 - 426.5 - 13  China China- 2518 - 32½ - 448.5 - 14  Netherlands Netherlands- 2564 - 32½ - 436.5 - 15  Argentina Argentina- 2529 - 32½ - 430.0 - =16  Croatia Croatia- 2564 - 32 - 443.5 - 17 - =16  Israel Israel- 2600 - 32 - 443.5 - 17 - 18  Hungary Hungary- 2643 - 32 - 440.5 - 19  Uzbekistan Uzbekistan- 2510 - 32 - 434.5 - 20  Latvia Latvia- 2515 - 32 - 424.5 - 21  Cuba Cuba- 2536 - 31½ - 438.5 - 22 .svg.png.webp) Yugoslavia Yugoslavia- 2540 - 31½ - 423.0 - 23  Slovenia Slovenia- 2509 - 31½ - 419.5 - 24  Greece Greece- 2563 - 31½ - 412.5 - 25  France France- 2541 - 31 - 438.0 - 26 .svg.png.webp) Philippines Philippines- 2470 - 31 - 431.5 - 27  Vietnam Vietnam- 2478 - 31 - 412.0 - 28 .svg.png.webp) Australia Australia- 2465 - 31 - 411.5 - 29 .svg.png.webp) Canada Canada- 2454 - 31 - 397.5 - 30  Kazakhstan Kazakhstan- 2511 - 30½ - 436.0 - 31  Romania Romania- 2528 - 30½ - 434.5 - 32  Czech Republic Czech Republic- 2555 - 30½ - 432.5 - 33 .svg.png.webp) Belarus Belarus- 2570 - 30½ - 426.5 - 34  Slovakia Slovakia- 2508 - 30½ - 422.0 - 35  North Macedonia North Macedonia- 2478 - 30½ - 421.5 - 36  Poland Poland- 2545 - 30½ - 420.0 - 37 .svg.png.webp) Lithuania Lithuania- 2546 - 30½ - 419.5 - 38  Denmark Denmark- 2519 - 30½ - 404.0 - 39 .svg.png.webp) Turkmenistan Turkmenistan- 2445 - 30½ - 390.0 - 40  Norway Norway- 2535 - 30 - 409.0 - 41  Peru Peru- 2476 - 30 - 407.5 - 42  Armenia "C" Armenia "C"- 2400 - 30 - 404.0 - 43  Colombia Colombia- 2450 - 30 - 402.0 - 44  Indonesia Indonesia- 2414 - 29½ - 426.5 - 45  Moldova Moldova- 2514 - 29½ - 411.5 - 46  Finland Finland- 2419 - 29½ - 401.5 - 47  Tajikistan Tajikistan- 2283 - 29 - 398.5 - 48  Austria Austria- 2408 - 29 - 393.5 - 49  Estonia Estonia- 2549 - 28½ - 438.5 - 50  Armenia "B" Armenia "B"- 2456 - 28½ - 413.0 - 51  Brazil Brazil- 2446 - 28½ - 408.5 - 52  Portugal Portugal- 2451 - 28½ - 408.0 - 53  Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan- 2479 - 28½ - 395.5 - 54 .svg.png.webp) Belgium Belgium- 2391 - 28½ - 391.0 - 55  Ireland Ireland- 2395 - 28½ - 389.5 - 56  Scotland Scotland- 2436 - 28½ - 381.0 - 57  Italy Italy- 2468 - 28 - 404.5 - 58 .svg.png.webp) Switzerland Switzerland- 2448 - 28 - 400.0 - 59  India India- 2449 - 28 - 397.0 - 60  Syria Syria- 2080 - 28 - 364.5 - 61  Bangladesh Bangladesh- 2423 - 27½ - 411.5 - 62  South Africa South Africa- 2338 - 27½ - 395.0 - 63  Luxembourg Luxembourg- 2355 - 27½ - 388.0 - 64  Malaysia Malaysia- 2274 - 27½ - 387.0 - 65  United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates- 2254 - 27½ - 361.0 - 66  Egypt Egypt- 2384 - 27 - 393.5 - 67  Morocco Morocco- 2278 - 27 - 379.5 - 68  Chile Chile- 2433 - 26½ - 405.0 - 69  Turkey Turkey- 2318 - 26½ - 396.5 - 70 .svg.png.webp) Tunisia Tunisia- 2369 - 26½ - 393.0 - 71 .svg.png.webp) Venezuela Venezuela- 2258 - 26½ - 386.0 - 72  Iran Iran- 2238 - 26½ - 382.5 - 73 - IBCA - 2236 - 27½ - 380.0 - 74  Wales Wales- 2285 - 27½ - 379.5 - 75  Ecuador Ecuador- 2301 - 27½ - 376.5 - 76 .svg.png.webp) Japan Japan- 2241 - 27½ - 375.5 - 77  Uruguay Uruguay- 2261 - 26 - 375.5 - 78 .svg.png.webp) Hong Kong Hong Kong- 2220 - 26 - 369.5 - 79  Puerto Rico Puerto Rico- 2240 - 26 - 368.5 - 80  Singapore Singapore- 2291 - 26 - 367.0 - 81  Faroe Islands Faroe Islands- 2256 - 26 - 361.5 - 82  New Zealand New Zealand- 2311 - 25½ - 377.0 - 83  Angola Angola- 2231 - 25½ - 371.0 - 84  Andorra Andorra- 2183 - 25½ - 363.5 - 85  Yemen Yemen- 2145 - 25½ - 363.0 - 86  Liechtenstein Liechtenstein- 2239 - 25½ - 356.0 - 87 .svg.png.webp) Cyprus Cyprus- 2100 - 25½ - 351.5 - 88 .svg.png.webp) Paraguay Paraguay- 2328 - 25 - 379.0 - 89  Barbados Barbados- 2179 - 25 - 368.0 - 90  Lebanon Lebanon- 2219 - 25 - 358.5 - 91  Qatar Qatar- 2204 - 25 - 346.5 - 92  El Salvador El Salvador- 2058 - 24½ - 378.5 - 93  Thailand Thailand- 2165 - 24½ - 372.5 - 94  Zimbabwe Zimbabwe- 2210 - 24½ - 357.5 - 95  Nicaragua Nicaragua- 2113 - 24½ - 354.5 - 96  Uganda Uganda- 2140 - 24½ - 348.5 - 97  Malta Malta- 2094 - 24½ - 346.0 - 98 .svg.png.webp) Bahrain Bahrain- 2086 - 24½ - 344.0 - 99  Botswana Botswana- 2086 - 24 - 341.5 - 100 .svg.png.webp) Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antilles- 2144 - 24 - 338.5 - 101 .svg.png.webp) San Marino San Marino- 2030 - 23½ - 325.0 - 102  Macau Macau- 2053 - 23½ - 304.5 - 103  Haiti Haiti- 2000 - 23 - 104  Sri Lanka Sri Lanka- 2094 - 22½ - 335.0 - 105  Monaco Monaco- 2140 - 22½ - 319.0 - 106 .svg.png.webp) Mauritania Mauritania- 2000 - 22 - 323.5 - 107  Bermuda Bermuda- 2031 - 22 - 317.5 - 108  Mozambique Mozambique- 2000 - 21½ - 328.0 - 109  Honduras Honduras- 2000 - 21½ - 305.5 - 110  Jersey Jersey- 2024 - 20 - 111  Guernsey Guernsey- 2000 - 18½ - 112 .svg.png.webp) Afghanistan Afghanistan- 2000 - 17 - 113  Seychelles Seychelles- 2033 - 16 - 114  United States Virgin Islands United States Virgin Islands- 2000 - 9 
Individual medals
- Performance rating:  Garry Kasparov 2873 Garry Kasparov 2873
- Board 1:  Mohamad Al-Modiahki 8 / 10 = 80.0% Mohamad Al-Modiahki 8 / 10 = 80.0%
- Board 2:  Richard Robinson 8 / 10 = 80.0% Richard Robinson 8 / 10 = 80.0%
- Board 3:  Saidali Iuldachev 11 / 14 = 78.6% Saidali Iuldachev 11 / 14 = 78.6%
- Board 4:  Matthew Sadler 10½ / 13 = 80.8% Matthew Sadler 10½ / 13 = 80.8%
- 1st reserve:  ("B") Karen Asrian 10 / 12 = 83.3% ("B") Karen Asrian 10 / 12 = 83.3%
- 2nd reserve:  Geoffrey Makumbi 7½ / 8 = 93.8% Geoffrey Makumbi 7½ / 8 = 93.8%
Best game
The 'Best game' prize went to Zurab Sturua (Georgia) – Rolando Kutirov (Macedonia) from round 3.
Women's event
The women's division was contested by 74 teams representing 72 nations plus Armenia "B" and the International Braille Chess Association. The time control for each game permitted each player 2 hours to make the first 40 of her moves, then an additional 1-hour to make the next 20 moves. In the event of a draw, the tie-break was decided by 1. The Buchholz system; and 2. Match points.
The Georgian team, led by one former world champion (Chiburdanidze), won their third consecutive title. China, led by another former world champion (Xie Jun), took the silver, and Russia the bronze. Newly crowned champion Susan Polgar did not take part in the event for her new country, so a second-rate US team finished as low as 35th.
- # - Country - Players - Average 
 rating- Points - Buchholz - 1 .svg.png.webp) Georgia Georgia- Chiburdanidze, Ioseliani, Arakhamia-Grant, Gurieli - 2498 - 30 - 2  China China- Xie Jun, Zhu Chen, Wang Lei, Wang Pin - 2425 - 28½ - 347.0 - 3  Russia Russia- Galliamova, Matveeva, Prudnikova, Zaitseva - 2443 - 28½ - 345.5 - 4  Ukraine Ukraine- Gaponenko, Litinskaya, Sedina, Zhukova - 2343 - 26½ - 5  Hungary Hungary- Polgár, Mádl, Medvegy, Lakos - 2387 - 26 - 6  Romania Romania- Foișor, Corina Peptan, Radu-Cosma, Olărașu - 2355 - 25½ - 7  Israel Israel- Klinova, Segal, Tsifanskaya, Pitam - 2310 - 25 - 8  Kazakhstan Kazakhstan- Sakhatova, Uskova, Girkiyan-Klink, Sergeeva - 2305 - 24½ - 340.5 - 9  Poland Poland- Brustman, Bobrowska, Dworakowska, Zielińska - 2330 - 24½ - 339.5 - 10  England England- Lalic, Hunt, Sheldon, Bellin - 2303 - 24 - 346.0 
- # - Country - Average 
 rating- Points - Buchholz - MP - 11  Indonesia Indonesia- 2178 - 24 - 309.5 - 12  Czech Republic Czech Republic- 2258 - 24 - 305.5 - 13 .svg.png.webp) Yugoslavia Yugoslavia- 2395 - 23½ - 335.5 - =14  Moldova Moldova- 2322 - 23½ - 332.5 - 15 - =14  Germany Germany- 2348 - 23½ - 332.5 - 15 - 16  Bulgaria Bulgaria- 2335 - 23½ - 331.5 - 17 .svg.png.webp) Lithuania Lithuania- 2222 - 23½ - 321.5 - 18  Greece Greece- 2252 - 23½ - 321.0 - =19  Cuba Cuba- 2253 - 23½ - 316.5 - 16 - =19  Armenia Armenia- 2233 - 23½ - 316.5 - 16 - 21  Estonia Estonia- 2258 - 23½ - 312.5 - 22  Uzbekistan Uzbekistan- 2198 - 23½ - 291.5 - 23  Slovakia Slovakia- 2250 - 23 - 328.0 - 24  Vietnam Vietnam- 2197 - 23 - 321.0 - 25  India India- 2152 - 23 - 316.0 - 26  France France- 2211 - 23 - 314.0 - 27  Mongolia Mongolia- 2115 - 23 - 275.5 - 28  Slovenia Slovenia- 2195 - 22½ - 311.5 - 29  Armenia "B" Armenia "B"- 2138 - 22½ - 310.5 - 30  Netherlands Netherlands- 2210 - 22½ - 301.5 - 31  Croatia Croatia- 2242 - 22 - 312.0 - 32 .svg.png.webp) Belarus Belarus- 2252 - 22 - 304.0 - 33 .svg.png.webp) Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina- 2110 - 22 - 303.5 - 34  Latvia Latvia- 2245 - 21½ - 35  United States United States- 2312 - 21½ - 314.0 - 36  Spain Spain- 2245 - 21½ - 299.5 - 37  Sweden Sweden- 2108 - 21½ - 299.0 - 38 .svg.png.webp) Australia Australia- 2145 - 21½ - 298.0 - 39 .svg.png.webp) Canada Canada- 2123 - 21½ - 286.5 - 40  Austria Austria- 2112 - 21½ - 285.5 - 41  Denmark Denmark- 2048 - 21½ - 283.0 - 42  Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan- 2112 - 20½ - 309.0 - 43  North Macedonia North Macedonia- 2105 - 20½ - 291.5 - 44 .svg.png.webp) Philippines Philippines- 2015 - 20½ - 282.0 - 45  Norway Norway- 2083 - 20½ - 280.5 - 46  Brazil Brazil- 2080 - 20½ - 278.0 - 47  Finland Finland- 2065 - 20 - 290.5 - 48 .svg.png.webp) Turkmenistan Turkmenistan- 2048 - 20 - 287.0 - 49  Italy Italy- 2010 - 20 - 282.0 - 50 .svg.png.webp) Venezuela Venezuela- 2043 - 20 - 280.5 - 51  Mexico Mexico- 2162 - 20 - 278.5 - 52  Bangladesh Bangladesh- 2093 - 20 - 274.5 - 53 .svg.png.webp) Switzerland Switzerland- 2140 - 19½ - 297.0 - 54  Scotland Scotland- 2022 - 19½ - 282.0 - 55  Portugal Portugal- 2133 - 19 - 282.0 - 56  Ireland Ireland- 2017 - 19 - 262.5 - 57 - IBCA - 2000 - 19 - 245.5 - 58  Puerto Rico Puerto Rico- 2002 - 19 - 240.0 - 59  Colombia Colombia- 2060 - 18½ - 277.0 - 60  Iran Iran- 2033 - 18½ - 266.5 - 61  Syria Syria- 2000 - 18½ - 229.0 - 62 .svg.png.webp) Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antilles- 2000 - 18½ - 217.5 - 63  Ecuador Ecuador- 2067 - 18 - 285.0 - 64  Malaysia Malaysia- 2050 - 18 - 259.0 - 65  Sri Lanka Sri Lanka- 2007 - 18 - 232.5 - 66  New Zealand New Zealand- 2000 - 18 - 223.0 - 67  Turkey Turkey- 2002 - 17½ - 264.5 - 68  United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates- 2017 - 17½ - 240.5 - 69  Zambia Zambia- 2002 - 16½ - 70  Angola Angola- 2000 - 15 - 229.5 - 71  Lebanon Lebanon- 2000 - 15 - 228.5 - 72  Seychelles Seychelles- 2013 - 14½ - 73 .svg.png.webp) Japan Japan- 2000 - 8 - 74  United States Virgin Islands United States Virgin Islands- 2000 - 2 
Individual medals
- Performance rating:  Zhu Chen 2561 Zhu Chen 2561
- Board 1: .svg.png.webp) Mähri Ovezova 10½ / 14 = 75.0% Mähri Ovezova 10½ / 14 = 75.0%
- Board 2:  Zhu Chen 10 / 13 = 76.9% Zhu Chen 10 / 13 = 76.9%
- Board 3: .svg.png.webp) Ketevan Arakhamia-Grant 8 / 10 = 80.0% Ketevan Arakhamia-Grant 8 / 10 = 80.0%
- Reserve:  Marta Zielińska 6 / 7 = 85.7% Marta Zielińska 6 / 7 = 85.7%
See also
Notes
- ↑ Although commonly referred to as the men's division, this section is open to both male and female players.
External links

- 32nd Chess Olympiad: Yerevan 1996 OlimpBase