This article lists the living orders of the Viridiplantae, based primarily on the work of Ruggiero et al. 2015.[1] Living order of Lycophytes and ferns are taken from Christenhusz et al. 2011b[2] and Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group.[3] Living orders of Gymnosperms are added from Christenhusz et al. 2011a[4] while extinct orders are from Anderson, Anderson & Cleal 2007.[5]
Division Prasinodermophyta
Class Prasinodermophyceae
- Order Prasinodermatales[6]
 
Class Palmophyllophyceae
- Order Prasinococcales
 - Order Palmophyllales
 
Division Chlorophyta
Subdivision Prasinophytina
Class Mamiellophyceae
- Order Monomastigales
 - Order Dolichomastigales
 - Order Mamiellales
 
Class Pyramimonadophyceae
- Order Pyramimonadales
 
Subdivision Chlorophytina
Class Nephroselmidophyceae
- Order Nephroselmidales
 
Class Picocystophyceae
- Order Picocystales
 - Order ?Pseudoscourfieldiales
 
Class Chloropicophyceae
- Order Chloropicales
 
Class Pedinophyceae
- Order ?Scourfieldiales
 - Order Marsupiomonadales
 - Order Pedinomonadales
 
Class Chlorodendrophyceae
- Order Chlorodendrales
 
Class Trebouxiophyceae
- Order ?Phyllosiphonales
 - Order Chlorellales
 - Order Prasiolales
 - Order Microthamniales
 - Order Trebouxiales
 
Class Ulvophyceae
- Order Ignatiales
 - Order Oltmannsiellopsidales
 - Order Scotinosphaerales
 - Order Ulotrichales
 - Order Ulvales
 - Order Trentepohliales
 - Order Cladophorales
 - Order Dasycladales
 - Order Bryopsidales
 
Class Chlorophyceae
- Order Chaetopeltidales
 - Order Chaetophorales
 - Order Chlamydomonadales
 - Order Chlorococcales
 - Order Microsporales
 - Order Oedogoniales
 - Order Sphaeropleales
 - Order Tetrasporales
 
Division Streptophyta
Subdivision Chlorokybophytina
Class Mesostigmatophyceae
- Order Mesostigmatales
 
Class Chlorokybophyceae
- Order Chlorokybales
 
Subdivision Klebsormidiophyinta
Class Klebsormidiophyceae
- Order Klebsormidiales
 
Subdivision Charophytina
Class Charophyceae
- Order †Sycidiales
 - Order †Chovanellales
 - Order †Moellerinales
 - Order Charales (Stoenworts & musk grasses)
 
Subdivision Coleochaetophytina
Class Coleochaetophyceae
- Order Coleochaetales
 
Subdivision Zygnematophytina
Class Zygnematophyceae
- Order Spirogloeales
 - Order Zygnematales
 - Order Mesotaeniales
 - Order Desmidiales
 
Subdivision Anthocerotophytina[7]
Class Leiosporocerotopsida
- Order Leiosporocerotales
 
Class Anthocerotopsida
- Order Anthocerotales
 - Order Notothyladales
 - Order Phymatocerotales
 - Order Dendrocerotales
 
Subdivision Marchantiophytina[7]
Class Haplomitriopsida
- Order Treubiales
 - Order Calobryales
 
Class Marchantiopsida
- Subclass Blasiidae 
- Order Blasiales
 
 - Subclass Marchantiidae (Complex thalloid liverworts)
- Order Neohodgsoniales
 - Order Sphaerocarpales
 - Order Lunulariales (crescent-cup liverwort)
 - Order Marchantiales
 
 
Class Jungermanniopsida
- Subclass Pelliidae 
- Order Pelliales
 - Order Pallaviciniales
 - Order Fossombroniales
 
 - Subclass Metzgeriidae 
- Order Pleuroziales
 - Order Metzgeriales
 
 - Subclass Jungermanniidae (leafy liverworts)
- Order Porellales
 - Order Ptilidiales
 - Order Jungermanniales
 
 
Subdivision Bryophytina[8]
Class Takakiopsida
- Order Takakiales
 
Class Sphagnopsida
- Order †Protosphagnales
 - Order Ambuchananiales
 - Order Sphagnales (Peat/bog mosses)
 
Class Andreaeobryopsida
- Order Andreaeobryales
 
Class Andreaeopsida
- Order Andreaeales (Granite/lantern mosses)
 
Class Oedipodiopsida
- Order Oedipodiales
 
Class Tetraphidopsida
- Order Tetraphidales
 
Class Polytrichopsida
- Order Polytrichales (Hair-cap mosses)
 
Class Bryopsida
- Subclass Buxbaumiidae
- Order Buxbaumiales
 
 - Subclass Diphysciidae
- Order Diphysciales
 
 - Subclass Gigaspermidae
- Order Gigaspermales
 
 - Subclass Funariidae
- Order Disceliales
 - Order Encalyptales
 - Order Funariales
 
 - Subclass Timmiidae
- Order Timmiales
 
 - Subclass Dicranidae (Haplolepideous mosses)
- Order Archidiales
 - Order Pseudoditrichales
 - Order Catoscopiales
 - Order Scouleriales
 - Order Bryoxiphiales
 - Order Grimmiales
 - Order Pottiales
 - Order Dicranales
 
 - Subclass Bryidae (Diplolepideous-alternate mosses) 
- Superorder Bryanae
- Order Splachnales
 - Order Hedwigiales
 - Order Bartramiales
 - Order Bryales
 - Order Rhizogoniales
 - Order Orthotrichales
 - Order Orthodontiales
 - Order Aulacomniales
 
 - Superorder Hypnanae
- Order Hypnodendrales
 - Order Ptychomniales
 - Order Hypopterygiales
 - Order Hookeriales
 - Order Hypnales
 
 
 - Superorder Bryanae
 
Clade †Horneophytina
Class †Horneophytopsida
- Order †Horneophytales
 
Subdivision Tracheophytina[9]
Class †Cooksoniopsida
- Order †Cooksoniales
 
Class †Rhyniopsida
- Order ?†Yarraviales
 - Order ?†Taeniocradales
 - Order †Rhyniales
 
Clade †Zosterophyllophyta
- Class †Barinophytopsida[10]
- Order †Barinophytales
 
 - Class †Zosterophyllopsida
- Order †Sawdoniales
 - Order †Zosterophyllales
 
 
Class Lycopodiopsida
- Order †Drepanophycales
 - Subclass †Asteroxylidae
- Order ?†Thursophytales
 - Order †Asteroxylales
 
 - Subclass Lycopodiidae
- Order Lycopodiales (Clubmosses, groundpines, groundcedars)
 
 - Subclass †Prolepidodendridae
- Order †Protolepidodendrales
 
 - Subclass Selaginellidae (Spikemosses; rose of Jericho; resurrection plant; Engels moss)
- Order Selaginellales
 - Order †Lepidodendrales
 - Order †Pleuromeiales
 - Order Isoetales (Quillworts)
 
 
Class †Eophyllophytopsida
- Order †Eophyllophytales
 
Class †Trimerophytopsida
- Order †Trimerophytales
 
Clade Pteridophyta
- Order †Ibykales
 - Class †Cladoxylopsida
- Order †Hyeniales
 - Order †Iridopteridales
 - Order †Steloxylales
 - Order †Pseudosporochnales
 - Order †Cladoxylales
 
 - Class Polypodiopsida (Ferns)
- Order †Stauropteridales
 - Subclass †Zygopterididae
- Order †Rhacophytales
 - Order †Zygopteridales
 
 - Subclass Equisetidae
- Order †Pseudoborniales
 - Order †Sphenophyllales
 - Order Equisetales (Horsetails; scouring-rushes)
 
 - Subclass Ophioglossidae
- Order Psilotales (Whisk ferns)
 - Order Ophioglossales (Adder's tongues, moonworts)
 
 - Subclass Marattiopsida
- Order Marattiales
 
 - Subclass Polypodiidae
- Order †Urnatopteridales
 - Order †Senftenbergiales
 - Order †Botryopteridiales
 - Order †Anachoropteridales
 - Order Osmundales (Royal ferns)
 - Order Hymenophyllales (Filmy ferns)
 - Order Gleicheniales
 - Order Schizaeales
 - Order Salviniales
 - Order Cyatheales
 - Order Polypodiales (Cathetogyrates)
 
 
 
Class †Noeggerathiopsida
- Order †Discinitiales
 - Order †Noeggerathiales
 - Order †Tingiales
 
Class †Aneurophytopsida
- Order †Scougonophytales
 - Order †Aneurophytales
 
Class †Archaeopteridopsida
- Order †Cecropsidales
 - Order †Archaeopteridales
 
Incertae sedis
- Order †Protopityales
 - Order †Stenokoleales
 
Clade Spermatophyta
- Order †Calamopityales
 - Order †Callistophytales
 - Order †Erdtmanithecales
 - Order †Hlatimbiales
 - Order †Umkomasiales
 - Class †Arberiopsida
- Order †Aberiales
 - Order †Dicranophyllales
 
 - Class †Moresnetiopsida
- Order †Moresnetiales
 - Order †Pullarithecales
 - Order †Tetrastichiales
 
 - Class †Lyginopteridopsida
- Order †Hexapterospermales
 - Order †Lyginopteridales
 
 - Class †Pachytestopsida
- Order †Codonospermales
 - Order †Pachytestales
 
 - Class †Peltaspermopsida
- Order †Peltaspermales
 - Order †Sporophyllitales
 - Order †Trichopityales
 
 - Class †Phasmatocycadopsida
- Order †Gigantopteridales
 - Order †Phasmatocycadales
 
 - Class †Pentoxylopsida
- Order †Pentoxylales
 
 - Class †Dictyopteridiopsida
- Order †Dictyopteridiales
 - Order †Lidgettoniales
 - Order †Rigbyales
 
 - Class †Cycadeoideopsida
- Order †Fredlindiales
 - Order †Cycadeoideales
 
 - Class †Caytoniopsida
- Order †Caytoniales
 
 - Class †Axelrodiopsida
- Order †Axelrodiales
 
 - Class Pinopsida
- †Subclass Pityidae
- †Order Pityales
 
 - Subclass Cycadidae
- Order ?†Noeggerathiopsidales
 - Order †Podozamitales
 - Order Cycadales (Cycads)
 
 - Subclass Ginkgoidae
- Order †Hamshawviales
 - Order †Vladimariales
 - Order †Matatiellales
 - Order †Petriellales
 - Order †Czekanowskiales
 - Order Ginkgoales
 
 - Subclass Pinidae
- Order †Cordaitales
 - Order †Dordrechtitales
 - Order †Vojnovskyales
 - Order †Buriadiales
 - Order †Ferugliocladales
 - Order †Ullmanniales
 - Order †Walchiales
 - Order †Voltziales
 - Order †Bernettiales
 - Order †Eoanthales
 - Order †Fraxinopsiales
 - Order Gnetales (incl. Ephedrales & Welwitschiales)
 - Order Pinales (Pines and allies)
 - Order Araucariales
 - Order Cupressales (Cypresses and allies)
 
 
 - †Subclass Pityidae
 - Class Magnoliopsida[11]
- Subclass †Archaemagnoliidae
- Order †Archaefructales
 
 - Superorder Amborellanae
- Order Amborellales
 
 - Subclass Nymphaeidae
- Order Nymphaeales
 
 - Subclass Illiciidae
- Order Austrobaileyales
 
 - Subclass Chloranthidae
- Order Chloranthales
 
 - Subclass Magnoliidae
- Order Canellales
 - Order Piperales
 - Order Laurales
 - Order Magnoliales
 
 - Subclass Liliidae
- Superorder Acoranae
- Order Acorales
 
 - Superorder Alismatanae
- Order Alismatales
 
 - Superorder Petrosavianae
- Order Petrosaviales
 
 - Superorder Pandananae
- Order Dioscoreales
 - Order Pandanales
 
 - Superorder Lilianae
- Order Liliales
 
 - Superorder Orchidanae
- Order Asparagales
 
 - Superorder Commelinids 
- Order Arecales
 - Order Commelinales
 - Order Zingiberales
 - Order Poales
 
 
 - Superorder Acoranae
 - Subclass Ceratophyllidae
- Order Ceratophyllales
 
 - Clade Eudicots
- Order ?†Sarbaicarpales
 - Subclass Ranunculidae
- Order Ranunculales
 
 - Subclass Nelumbonidae
- Order Proteales
 
 - Subclass Trochodendridae
- Order Trochodendrales
 
 - Superorder Buxanae
- Order Buxales
 
 - Superorder Myrothamnanae
- Order Gunnerales
 
 - Clade Pentapetalae
- Subclass Dilleniidae
- Order Dilleniales
 
 - 'Subclass Asteridae
- Superorder Berberidopsidanae
- Order Berberidopsidales
 
 - Superorder Santalanae
- Order Santalales
 
 - Superorder Caryophyllanae
- Order Caryophyllales
 
 - Superorder Cornanae
- Order Cornales
 
 - Superorder Ericanae
- Order Ericales
 
 - Superorder Asteranae
- Order Apiales
 - Order Aquifoliales
 - Order Asterales
 - Order Bruniales
 - Order Dipsacales
 - Order Escalloniales
 - Order Paracryphiales
 
 - Superorder Lamianae
- Order Boraginales
 - Order Garryales
 - Order Gentianales
 - Order Icacinales
 - Order Lamiales
 - Order Metteniusales
 - Order Solanales
 - Order Vahliales
 
 
 - Superorder Berberidopsidanae
 - Subclass Rosidae
- Superorder Saxifraganae
- Order Saxifragales
 
 - Superorder Vitanae
- Order Vitales
 
 - Superorder Rosanae  
- Order Zygophyllales
 - Order Celastrales
 - Order Malpighiales
 - Order Oxalidales
 - Order Fabales
 - Order Cucurbitales
 - Order Fagales
 - Order Rosales
 
 - Superorder Myrtanae
- Order Geraniales
 - Order Myrtales
 - Order Crossosomatales
 - Order Picramniales
 - Order Sapindales
 - Order Huerteales
 - Order Malvales
 - Order Brassicales
 
 
 - Superorder Saxifraganae
 
 - Subclass Dilleniidae
 
 
 - Subclass †Archaemagnoliidae
 
References
- ↑ Ruggiero MA, Gordon DP, Orrell TM, Bailly N, Bourgoin T, Brusca RC, et al. (2015). "A higher level classification of all living organisms". PLOS ONE. 10 (4): e0119248. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1019248R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248. PMC 4418965. PMID 25923521.
 - ↑ Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Zhang, Xian-Chun; Schneider, Harald (2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 19: 7–54. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2.
 - ↑ Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (November 2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. doi:10.1111/jse.12229. S2CID 39980610.
 - ↑ Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Reveal, James L.; Farjon, Aljos; Gardner, Martin F.; Mill, R.R.; Chase, Mark W. (2011). "A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 19: 55–70. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.3.
 - ↑ Anderson; Anderson; Cleal (2007). "Brief history of the gymnosperms: classification, biodiversity, phytogeography and ecology". Strelitzia. SANBI. 20: 280. ISBN 978-1-919976-39-6.
 - ↑ Linzhou Li; Sibo Wang; Hongli Wang; Sunil Kumar Sahu; Birger Marin; Haoyuan Li; Yan Xu; Hongping Liang; Zhen Li; Shifeng Chen; Tanja Reder; Zehra Çebi; Sebastian Wittek; Morten Petersen; Barbara Melkonian; Hongli Du; Huanming Yang; Jian Wang; Gane Ka-Shu Wong; Xun Xu; Xin Liu; Yves Van de Peer; Michael Melkonian; Huan Liu (22 June 2020). "The genome of Prasinoderma coloniale unveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 4 (9): 1220–1231. doi:10.1038/s41559-020-1221-7. PMC 7455551. PMID 32572216.
 - 1 2 Söderström; et al. (2016). "World checklist of hornworts and liverworts". PhytoKeys (59): 1–826. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.59.6261. PMC 4758082. PMID 26929706.
 - ↑ Goffinet, B.; Buck, W.R. "Classification of extant moss genera". Classification of the Bryophyta. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
 - ↑ Novíkov; Barabaš-Krasni (2015). Modern plant systematics. Liga-Pres. p. 685. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.4745.6164. ISBN 978-966-397-276-3.
 - ↑ Hao, Shougang & Xue, Jinzhuang (2013), The early Devonian Posongchong flora of Yunnan: a contribution to an understanding of the evolution and early diversification of vascular plants, Beijing: Science Press, p. 366, ISBN 978-7-03-036616-0, retrieved 2019-10-25
 - ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 181 (1): 1–20, doi:10.1111/boj.12385
 
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