The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Portland, Maine, USA.
Prior to 19th century
- 1633 - Casco settled.
- 1658 - Settlement renamed "Falmouth."[1]
- 1659 - George Munjoy settled what became Munjoy Hill[2]
- 1668 - Eastern Cemetery established.
- 1676 - Village sacked by the Wampanoag during King Philip's War.
- 1690 - Battle of Fort Loyal.
- 1718 - Town of Falmouth established.[3]
- 1740 - First Parish Church built.[3]
- 1763 - Falmouth Library Society organized.
- 1764 - Population: about 2,000. [1]
Wadsworth-Longfellow House Front
- 1775
- Thompson's War[4]
- Town burned by British.[3]
- 1768 - Portland Fire Department formed, March 29.
- 1785 - Falmouth Gazette newspaper begins publication.[5]
- 1785/6 - Wadsworth-Longfellow House built.[3]
- 1786 - Falmouth renamed "Portland."[6]
- 1790
- 1796 - Portland Marine Society incorporated.[10]
19th century
- 1800 - Population: 3,704.[11]
- 1803 - Eastern Argus newspaper begins publication.[12]
- 1805 - Portland Benevolent Society incorporated.[10]
- 1806 - Gorham Academy built.
- 1807
- Portland Observatory built.[3]
- Birth of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.[3]
- 1819 - State constitutional convention held.[13]
- 1820
- Portland becomes capital of State of Maine.[3]
- Maine Council of Royal Masters instituted.[10]
- Population: 8,581.[8]
- 1821
- High School established.
- Maine Mineralogical Society established.[10]
- Maine Encampment of Knight Templars established.[10]
- 1822 - Maine Historical Society founded.
- 1825 - First Parish Church built.
- 1826 - Portland Athenaeum founded.
- 1827 - John Neal opened the first public gymnasium in the US founded by an American in town hall in Market Square[14]
- 1828
- Maine's first literary periodical, The Yankee, founded.[15]
- Abyssinian Meeting House established.
- Mariner's Church built.
- 1829
- Theatre built on Union Street.[16][17]
- Western Cemetery established.
- 1830 - Population - 12,598.[8]
- 1831 - Westbrook Seminary chartered.[3]
- 1832
- State capital moves from Portland to Augusta.
- City of Portland chartered.[3]
- Cumberland and Oxford Canal opened bringing interior trade to Portland harbor from Long Lake[18]
- 1836 - Western Promenade laid out.[16]
- 1839 - B. Thurston & Co. publishers established.[19]
- 1843
- Railway service began between Boston and Portland.[20]
- Portland Society of Natural History organized.[3]
- 1844 - Portland Steam Packet Company organized.[21]
- 1845 - The Pleasure Boat newspaper begins publication.[22]
- 1846 - Portland Company established to build railway locomotives.[21]
- 1849 - Portland Gas Light Co. incorporated.[23]
- 1850
- 1851 - Kennebec and Portland Rail Road begins operating.[25]
- 1853
- Grand Trunk Railway to Montreal begins operating.
- Portland Board of Trade established.[26]
- Roman Catholic Diocese of Portland established.
- 1855
- Portland Rum Riot.
- Evergreen Cemetery established.
- United States Marine Hospital established. [1]
- 1856 - Chestnut Street Methodist Church built.
- 1859 - Forest City Cemetery established.
- 1862
- Portland Daily Press newspaper begins publication.[7]
- Maine Central Railroad Company begins operations.
- 1863
- Battle of Portland Harbor.
- Portland street car service began.[27]
- Galt wharf grain elevator completed for export of Canadian wheat.[28]
"Bird's Eye View of the City of Portland," 1876
- 1866 - Fire.[3]
- 1867
- Portland Institute and Public Library founded.[29]
- First Baptist Church built.
- Water company established to supply the city from Sebago Lake. [1]
- 1868 - U.S. Customhouse and St. Paul's Church and Rectory built.
- 1869 - Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception construction completed. [1]
- 1870 - Cumberland and Oxford Canal abandoned when Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad reached Sebago Lake.[30]
- 1875 - Southworth Press established.[31]
- 1881 - Young People's Society of Christian Endeavour founded by Francis Edward Clark.[32][3]
- 1882
- Portland Society of Art founded.
- Evening Express newspaper begins publication.
- 1884 - Maine Genealogical Society organized.
- 1886 - Portland centennial.[33]
- 1888 - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Monument unveiled at Longfellow Square in West End.[3]
- 1890 - Population: 36,425.[8][3]
- 1891 - Portland Soldiers and Sailors Monument dedicated on Monument Square.
- 1897
- Jefferson Theatre opens.[16]
- Maine Music Festival begins.[3]
- St. Lawrence Church and Williston-West Church built.
- 1898 - Waynflete School established.
- 1899
- 1900 - Population: 50,145.[3]
20th century
- 1901 - New England Elevator Company built the largest grain elevator on the Atlantic coast.[36]
- 1906 - Portland Company ceased building railway locomotives.[37]
- 1908 - Portland Society of Arts and Crafts organized.[38]
- 1909 - City Hall re-built. [1]
- 1910
- Memorial statue of Thomas Brackett Reed unveiled.[39]
- Population: 58,571.[3]
- 1911
- L. D. M. Sweat Memorial Art Museum dedicated.[40]
- Portland Terminal Company formed.
- 1912
- Kotzschmar Memorial Organ installed in City Hall's Merrill Auditorium.
- Eastern Promenade laid out according to design by Olmsted Brothers.[41]
- 1913
- State of Maine Express began direct Pullman railway service from major US cities to Portland.[42]
- Historical pageant takes place on Eastern Promenade.[43]
- 1914
- Portland–Lewiston Interurban service began between Portland and Lewiston.[27]
- Portland Exposition Building and Green Memorial A.M.E. Zion Church built.
- 1916 - Million Dollar Bridge opens.
- 1918 - Queen's Hospital for women opens.[16]
- 1919 - Portland designated eastern end of the Theodore Roosevelt International Highway.[44]
- 1921 - Etz Chaim Synagogue built.
- 1923
- Portland Symphony Orchestra and Children's Theatre of Portland established.
- Canadian National Railway began diverting export traffic from Portland to Canadian Maritime ports.[45]
- 1924
- Maine State Pier and Chapman Building constructed.
- Longfellow Garden Club organized.[46]
- 1926 - U.S. Route 1 linked Portland to the United States highway system.[47]
- 1928 - James E. Barlow hired as second City Manager
- 1929 - State Theatre opens.
- 1930 - The Gull began international Pullman train service through Portland from the Maritimes.[48]
- 1933
- Portland-Westbrook Municipal Airport established.
- End of interurban service from Portland to surrounding communities.[27]
- 1934 - Flying Yankee began streamliner service to Portland.[49]
- 1940 - East Wind began summer passenger train service to Portland for vacationers from major eastern cities.[50]
- 1941
- Portland–Montreal Pipe Line completed.[51]
- Portland became United States Navy destroyer base Sail during the Battle of the Atlantic.[52]
- Victoria Mansion museum opens.
- Portland street car system dismantled.[27]
- 1942 - Battery Steele built.
- 1944 - A-26 Invader crash near Portland airport was Maine's worst aircraft accident.[53]
- 1946 - Baxter Woods municipal forest established.[54]
- 1947 - Maine Turnpike connected Portland to what would become the Interstate Highway System.[55]
- 1950 - Population: 77,634.[8]
- 1953 - WCSH begins broadcasting.
- 1954 - WMTW begins broadcasting.
- 1960 - Tukey's Bridge built.
- 1961 - Demolition of Union Station ended daily passenger train service to Portland.[56]
- 1964 - Greater Portland Landmarks preservation group formed.[57]
- 1965 - Kennedy Park housing built.
- 1967 - Summer weekend passenger train service to Portland ended.[58]
- 1970 - University of Southern Maine Portland campus established.
- 1973
- Old Port Festival begins.
- WMPG begins broadcasting.
- Salt Institute for Documentary Studies founded.
- 1974 - The Hollow Reed restaurant in the Old Port is founded.[59]
- 1976 - Children's Museum of Maine founded.
- 1977 - Cumberland County Civic Center built.
- 1978 - Portland Stage Company active.
- 1984
- Sister city relationship established with Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan.[60]
- Portland Ice Arena opens.
- 1985 - Portland Monthly magazine begins publication.
- 1993
- Portland Pirates ice hockey team formed.
- Maine Narrow Gauge Railroad Museum opens.
- 1994
- Portland Chamber Music Festival begins.
- PORTopera founded.
- Hadlock Field opens.
- 1997
- Casco Bay Bridge opens.
- City website online (approximate date).[61]
21st century
- 2001 - Downeaster restores passenger train service to Portland.[62]
- 2003 - Sister city relationship established with Mytilene, Greece.[60]
- 2006 - Maine Roller Derby and Portland Society of Architects[63] founded.
- 2007
- Green Elephant Vegetarian Bistro is founded in the Arts District.[64]
- Whole Foods grocery in business.
- 2008 - Maine Mead Works in business.[65]
- 2009
- Port City Music Hall opens.[66]
- Congress Street designated an historic district.[67]
- 2010
- State Theatre reopens.
- Trader Joe's grocery in business.
- Population: 66,194 city;[8] 514,098 metro.
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Britannica 1885.
- ↑ History of Peaks and House Islands – Nathan Goold (1897), p. 14
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Britannica 1910.
- ↑ Leamon, James S. Revolution Downeast: The War for American Independence in Maine (1995) University of Massachusetts Press pp.62-67
- ↑ Joseph Griffin, ed. (1872), History of the press of Maine, Brunswick, Maine, OL 23304874M
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ Charter 1881.
- 1 2 "US Newspaper Directory". Chronicling America. Washington DC: Library of Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Fogler Library. "Population pre-1950". Maine Census Data. University of Maine. Archived from the original on May 5, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
- ↑ Phelps 1853.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Jewett 1823.
- 1 2 Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, U.S. Census Bureau, 1998
- ↑ Directory 1912.
- ↑ L.D. Carver (1902), Constitution of the State of Maine, formed in convention at Portland, October twenty-ninth, and adopted ... on the sixth day of December, A.D. 1819 ... together with amendments subsequently made thereto, Augusta: Kennebec Journal Print, OL 14001837M
- ↑ Leonard, Fred Eugene (1923). A Guide to the History of Physical Education. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and New York, New York: Lea & Febiger. pp. 227–250.
- ↑ Richards, Irving T. (1933). The Life and Works of John Neal (PhD). Harvard University. p. 576. OCLC 7588473.
- 1 2 3 4 Federal Writers' Project 1940.
- ↑ Elwell 1876.
- ↑ Ward, Ernest E. My First Sixty Years in Harrison, Maine Cardinal Printing 1967 p.7
- ↑ Gregory 1887.
- ↑ "History of Railroading in Maine". Maine Department of Transportation.
- 1 2 Beckett 1850.
- ↑ "Portrait of a 19th Century Maine Radical | The Bollard". May 6, 2019. Retrieved 2021-04-10.
- ↑ Beckett 1858.
- ↑ Steven Anzovin; Janet Podell, eds. (2000). Famous First Facts. H.W. Wilson Co. ISBN 0824209583.
- ↑ Beckett 1856.
- ↑ History of the Work of the Board of Trade of Portland, Maine, 1887, OL 7192898M
- 1 2 3 4 Robertson 1982.
- ↑ Holt, Jeff (1985). The Grand Trunk in New England. Railfare. p. 88. ISBN 0-919130-43-7.
- ↑ Dedicatory exercises of the Baxter Building: to the uses of the Portland Public Library and Maine Historical Society, Thursday, February 21, 1889. Auburn, Maine: Lakeside Press, Printers and Binders, 1889
- ↑ Johnson, Ron (n.d.). Maine Central R.R. Mountain Division. 470 Railroad Club.
- ↑ "Anthoensen Collection". Portland Room. Portland Public Library. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
- ↑ Sargent 1916.
- ↑ Centennial 1886.
- ↑ Frank Roy Fraprie (June 1907). "Portland Camera Club". American Amateur Photographer and Camera and Dark Room. 19.
- ↑ Portland Camera Club
- ↑ Holt, Jeff (1985). The Grand Trunk in New England. Railfare. p. 89. ISBN 0-919130-43-7.
- ↑ Jones, Robert C. (1993). Two Feet to the Lakes. Pacific Fast Mail. p. 70. ISBN 0-915713-26-8.
- ↑ American Art Annual. NY. 1911.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ Thomas Brackett Reed Memorial Association (Portland, Me.) (1910), Exercises at the unveiling of the statue of Thomas Brackett Reed, at Portland, Maine, August thirty-first, nineteen hundred and ten, Portland, Me: The Association, OCLC 12031478, OL 7143172M
- ↑ American Art Annual. NY. 1914.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ "Eastern Promenade Master Plan" (PDF). City of Portland. 2004.
- ↑ "State of Maine". James VanBokkelen.
- ↑ Constance D'Arcy Mackay (1913), The historical pageant of Portland, Maine: produced on the Eastern Promenade as a free civic celebration of the Fourth of July 1913, Portland: Southworth Printing Company, OL 14012024M
- ↑ Weingroff, Richard (April 7, 2011). "US 2: Houlton, Maine, to Everett, Washington". Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
- ↑ Holt, Jeff (1985). The Grand Trunk in New England. Railfare. p. 100. ISBN 0-919130-43-7.
- ↑ "Longfellow Garden Club". Garden Club Federation of Maine. Archived from the original on November 16, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
- ↑ Weingroff, Richard F. (April 7, 2011). "From Names to Numbers: The Origins of the US Numbered Highway System". Highway History. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved June 10, 2011.
- ↑ Lowe, J. Norman Canadian National in the East volume 3 (1985) Calgary Group of the British Railway Modellers of North America ISBN 0-919487-14-9
- ↑ Albert, Dave & Melvin, George F. (1975). New England Diesels. George R. Cockle and Associates. p. 58. ISBN 0-916160-01-7.
- ↑ Jones, Robert Willoughby Boston and Maine (1991) Trans-Anglo Books ISBN 0-87046-101-X p.96
- ↑ ::Portland Montreal Pipe Line:: About us Archived 2008-02-02 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Morison, Samuel Eliot (1975). History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, Volume I The Battle of the Atlantic 1939-1943. Little, Brown and Company. p. 68.
- ↑ Cornish, Caroline (11 July 2010). "Long Creek Air Tragedy Memorial is dedicated". WCSH. Archived from the original on 10 December 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
- ↑ "Welcome to Mayor Baxter Woods" (PDF). City of Portland. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
- ↑ "MTA History". Maine Turnpike Authority. Retrieved 2012-10-21.
- ↑ Johnson, Ron. Maine Central R.R. Mountain Division. The 470 Railroad Club. p. 267.
- ↑ "Greater Portland Landmarks". Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
- ↑ Holt, Jeff (1985). The Grand Trunk in New England. Railfare. p. 111. ISBN 0-919130-43-7.
- ↑ Goad, Meredith (2018-08-07). "Portland food scene's in the big time now with selection as Bon Appetit's Restaurant City of the Year". Press Herald. Retrieved 2021-04-10.
- 1 2 "Portland's Sister Cities". City of Portland. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
- ↑ "Welcome to Portland, Maine". Archived from the original on 1997-05-30 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Amtrak Downeaster Breaks Annual Ridership Record". Amtrak Downeaster. Retrieved 2012-10-21.
- ↑ "Portland Society of Architects". Archived from the original on September 2, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
- ↑ "Best Vegetarian Restaurants in the U.S." Travel + Leisure. Retrieved 2021-04-10.
- ↑ "Drink of kings makes a comeback". BBC News. October 2, 2013.
- ↑ L. Beehner (August 19, 2010). "36 Hours in Portland, Me". New York Times.
- ↑ "Historic Preservation". City of Portland. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
Bibliography
- Published in the 19th century
- Nathaniel G. Jewett (1823). Portland Directory & Register. Todd and Smith, printer.
- S.B. Beckett (1850). Portland Directory. Thurston & Co., printer.
- "Portland, Me.", Phelps' Hundred Cities and Large Towns of America, New York: Phelps, Fanning & Co., 1853, OCLC 2503582
- S.B. Beckett (1856). Portland Directory. Brown Thurston, printer.
- Joseph H. Bragdon (1857), "Portland", Seaboard towns: or, Traveller's guide book from Boston to Portland, Newburyport, Mass.: Moulton & Clark, OCLC 3443773
- S.B. Beckett (1858), Portland Directory, Brown Thurston, printer, OL 23414268M
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Guide book for Portland and vicinity, Portland, Me.: B. Thurston and J. F. Richardson, 1859, OCLC 29977128, OL 6904686M
- William Willis. The history of Portland, from 1632 to 1864, 2nd ed. Portland: Bailey & Noyes, 1865
- John Neal (1874), Portland illustrated, Portland, Me: W. S. Jones, OCLC 7153525, OL 6904688M
- Edward H. Elwell (1876), Portland and Vicinity, Portland, Me: Loring, Short, & Harmon, and W.S. Jones, OCLC 332651, OL 7146626M
- "Portland and its environs", New England: a handbook for travelers (7th ed.), Boston, Mass: James R. Osgood, 1880
- Charter and Ordinances of the City of Portland, Portland: Dresser, McLellan & Company, 1881, OL 7125811M
- Joseph Sabin, ed. (1885). "Portland, Maine". Bibliotheca Americana. Vol. 15. New York. OCLC 13972268.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (9th ed.). 1885. p. 528.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - J.T. Hull, ed. (1886), Centennial celebration: an account of the municipal celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of the incorporation of the town of Portland, July 4th, 5th and 6th, 1886, Portland: Printed by Owen, Strout & company, OCLC 7566292, OL 6981201M
- "City of Portland". Maine Register, or State Year-book and Legislative Manual. Portland, ME: J.B. Gregory. 1887.
- "City of Portland". Maine register or state year-book and legislative manual. Portland, ME: G.M. Donham. 1891.
- George F. Bacon (1891), Portland: its representative business men and its points of interest, Newark, N.J: Glenwood Publishing Company, OCLC 8015123, OL 6904683M
- Charles Bancroft Gillespie (1899), Portland past and present (Souvenir ed.), Portland, Me: Evening Express Publishing Co., OCLC 5630912, OL 177491M
- Published in the 20th century
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 120.
- Directory of Portland, Portland Directory Co., 1912, OL 22890122M
- "Portland", Handbook of New England, Boston: Porter E. Sargent, 1916, OCLC 16726464
- Federal Writers' Project (1940), Portland City Guide, American Guide Series, Portland: Forest City Printing Company, OCLC 2291042, OL 7063149M
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Robertson, Edwin B. (1982). Remember the Portland, Maine, Trolleys. Robertson Books.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Portland, Maine.
- Historic images related to Portland (via Maine Memory Network)
- "Timeline: Selected Events in Maine History". Maine Memory Network. Maine Historical Society.
- John French. "Portland Maine History 1786 to Present" – via Facebook.
- Works related to Portland, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America).
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